Programmed death-ligand 1
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Programmed death-ligand 1, commonly abbreviated PD-L1, is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and cancer. It binds with programmed cell death 1 (on the T lymphocytes) which is dealt with separately.
It is also known as CD274.[1]
General
- IHC testing using a PD-L1 antibody (demonstrating positive tumour cells) predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.[2]
Background
Cytotoxic T cell activation is driven by two sets of receptors:[3]
| Function | Tumour cell | T cell |
|---|---|---|
| Antigen presentation | MHC | TCR |
| Inhibition | PD-1 | PD-L1 (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273) |
Prognosis
- Good prognosis - in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma, associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.[4]
Drugs
- Atezolizumab.[2]
- Durvalumab.
Anti-PD-L1 drugs - use
PD-L1 antibodies are being used to treat:[5]
- Malignant melanoma.
- Non-small cell lung cancer.
- Associated with response predicted by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 IHC positivity of the tumour cells.[2]
- Renal cell carcinoma.
See also
References
- ↑ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 605402
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Fehrenbacher, L.; Spira, A.; Ballinger, M.; Kowanetz, M.; Vansteenkiste, J.; Mazieres, J.; Park, K.; Smith, D. et al. (Mar 2016). "Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial.". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0. PMID 26970723.
- ↑ Ribas, A. (Jun 2012). "Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1.". N Engl J Med 366 (26): 2517-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1205943. PMID 22658126.
- ↑ Webb, JR.; Milne, K.; Kroeger, DR.; Nelson, BH. (May 2016). "PD-L1 expression is associated with tumor-infiltrating T cells and favorable prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.". Gynecol Oncol 141 (2): 293-302. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.008. PMID 26972336.
- ↑ Gandini, S.; Massi, D.; Mandalà, M. (Apr 2016). "PD-L1 expression in cancer patients receiving anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.". Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 100: 88-98. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.001. PMID 26895815.