Difference between revisions of "Bone"
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'''Bone''' is a scaffold. Tumours occasionally arise in | '''Bone''' is a scaffold it bears weight and occasionally gets infected. | ||
Tumours often spread to bone and occasionally arise in bone. Bone tumours are dealt with in the ''[[bone tumours]]'' article. | |||
==Normal== | ==Normal== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 58: | ||
==Bone tumours== | ==Bone tumours== | ||
{{Main|Bone tumours}} | {{Main|Bone tumours}} | ||
This is a big topic. It is dealt with in a separate article. | This is a big topic. It is dealt with in a separate article. | ||
The bone tumour article covers tumour mimics, e.g. brown cell tumour. | |||
==Fractures== | ==Fractures== | ||
Revision as of 03:08, 30 September 2010
Bone is a scaffold it bears weight and occasionally gets infected.
Tumours often spread to bone and occasionally arise in bone. Bone tumours are dealt with in the bone tumours article.
Normal
- Normal bone has osteocytes.
- If the osteocytes are missing... the bone is dead.
- Osteoblasts - make bone.
- Osteoclasts - destroy bone.
Memory device: 'b' before 'c'.
Hyperostosis frontalis interna
- Extra-thick frontal bone.[1]
Bone marrow
- Fat content (%) ~= age (in years)[2]
- e.g. 60 year old will have 60% fatty replacement.
- Should see three cell lines.
- The cell lines:[3]
- Erythroid (red cells),
- Myeloid (white blood cells),
- Megakaryocytic (platelets).
- The cell lines:[3]
Note: Lymphocytes are considered separately and typically spared in bone marrow failure.[4]
Identifying the lines:[5]
- Megakaryocytes:
- Big cells ~ 3x the size of a RBC.
- Normoblasts (RBC precursors):
- Hyperchromatic, i.e. blue, nucleus.
- Myeloid line:
- Granules.
- Reniform nucleus, i.e. kidney bean shaped nucleus.
Images:
Organization
- Mature hematopoeitic cells at the centre (distant from bone).
- Immature hematopoeitic cells adjacent to the bone.
Infectious
Osteomyelitis
General
- Hematogenous - often in children.
- Direct entry (skin defect) - adults with diabetes.
Microscopic
- PMNs.
Chronic osteomyelitis
- Plasma cells.
- May be sterile, i.e. no organisms.
Bone tumours
Main article: Bone tumours
This is a big topic. It is dealt with in a separate article.
The bone tumour article covers tumour mimics, e.g. brown cell tumour.
Fractures
Main article: Forensic pathology
This is dealt with in the forensic pathology article.
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hyperostosis_frontalis_interna. Accessed on: 29 September 2010.
- ↑ IAV. 26 Feb 2009.
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview
- ↑ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png
