Difference between revisions of "Ampulla of Vater"

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(→‎IHC: +another ref.)
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**Lost in pancreatic neoplasia ~90% of cases vs. ~35% of ampullary tumours.<ref name=pmid12640108>{{Cite journal  | last1 = McCarthy | first1 = DM. | last2 = Hruban | first2 = RH. | last3 = Argani | first3 = P. | last4 = Howe | first4 = JR. | last5 = Conlon | first5 = KC. | last6 = Brennan | first6 = MF. | last7 = Zahurak | first7 = M. | last8 = Wilentz | first8 = RE. | last9 = Cameron | first9 = JL. | title = Role of the DPC4 tumor suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: analysis of 140 cases. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 272-8 | month = Mar | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000057246.03448.26 | PMID = 12640108 }}</ref>
**Lost in pancreatic neoplasia ~90% of cases vs. ~35% of ampullary tumours.<ref name=pmid12640108>{{Cite journal  | last1 = McCarthy | first1 = DM. | last2 = Hruban | first2 = RH. | last3 = Argani | first3 = P. | last4 = Howe | first4 = JR. | last5 = Conlon | first5 = KC. | last6 = Brennan | first6 = MF. | last7 = Zahurak | first7 = M. | last8 = Wilentz | first8 = RE. | last9 = Cameron | first9 = JL. | title = Role of the DPC4 tumor suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: analysis of 140 cases. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 272-8 | month = Mar | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000057246.03448.26 | PMID = 12640108 }}</ref>
*p53 +ve ~55% of cases.<ref name=pmid11144926>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Takashima | first1 = M. | last2 = Ueki | first2 = T. | last3 = Nagai | first3 = E. | last4 = Yao | first4 = T. | last5 = Yamaguchi | first5 = K. | last6 = Tanaka | first6 = M. | last7 = Tsuneyoshi | first7 = M. | title = Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater associated with or without adenoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 198 cases with reference to p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expressions. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 1300-7 | month = Dec | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3880238 | PMID = 11144926 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Park | first1 = SH. | last2 = Kim | first2 = YI. | last3 = Park | first3 = YH. | last4 = Kim | first4 = SW. | last5 = Kim | first5 = KW. | last6 = Kim | first6 = YT. | last7 = Kim | first7 = WH. | title = Clinicopathologic correlation of p53 protein overexpression in adenoma and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. | journal = World J Surg | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 54-9 | month = Jan | year = 2000 | doi =  | PMID = 10594204 }}</ref>
*p53 +ve ~55% of cases.<ref name=pmid11144926>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Takashima | first1 = M. | last2 = Ueki | first2 = T. | last3 = Nagai | first3 = E. | last4 = Yao | first4 = T. | last5 = Yamaguchi | first5 = K. | last6 = Tanaka | first6 = M. | last7 = Tsuneyoshi | first7 = M. | title = Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater associated with or without adenoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 198 cases with reference to p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expressions. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 1300-7 | month = Dec | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3880238 | PMID = 11144926 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Park | first1 = SH. | last2 = Kim | first2 = YI. | last3 = Park | first3 = YH. | last4 = Kim | first4 = SW. | last5 = Kim | first5 = KW. | last6 = Kim | first6 = YT. | last7 = Kim | first7 = WH. | title = Clinicopathologic correlation of p53 protein overexpression in adenoma and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. | journal = World J Surg | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 54-9 | month = Jan | year = 2000 | doi =  | PMID = 10594204 }}</ref>
*E-cadherin +ve ~40% of cases.<ref name=pmid16506371/>
*Beta-catenin +ve ~65% of cases.<ref name=pmid16506371>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Park | first1 = S. | last2 = Kim | first2 = SW. | last3 = Lee | first3 = BL. | last4 = Jung | first4 = EJ. | last5 = Kim | first5 = WH. | title = Expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of ampulla of Vater cancer. | journal = Hepatogastroenterology | volume = 53 | issue = 67 | pages = 28-32 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 16506371 }}
</ref>


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Revision as of 22:11, 17 October 2012

The ampulla of Vater, also hepatopancreatic ampulla, is found in the duodenum. It has a unique histology and is a relatively common site of disease, when duodenal pathology is considered.

Normal histology

Periampullary:[1]

  • Intestinal epithelium with goblet cells.

Papilla of Vater (the projection into the duodenal lumen):[1]

  • Goblet cells in foveolar-like epithelium.

Note about heterotopias:[2]

  • +/-Pancreatic heterotopia - common.
  • +/-Gastric heterotopia - not common.

Ampullary tumours

  • AKA tumours of the ampulla of Vater.
  • AKA tumours of the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

Ampullary adenoma

General

Microscopic

Features:

  • +/-Paneth cells - may be prominent.[3]
  • Similar to adenoma of colon - with:
    • Less pseudostratification.
    • Finer chromatin pattern.

DDx:

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See tubular adenoma.

Ampullary carcinoma

  • AKA ampullary adenocarcinoma.

General

Classification

Adsay et al. proposed a four subtype classification system:[1]

Subtype Prevalence Origin/definition Notes/subclassification
Intra-ampullary papillary-tubular carcinoma ~25% of cases arises from intra-ampullary epithelium and/or distal end of CBD or pancreatic duct generalized category intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm -- the ampullary counterpart of the IPMN of the pancreas
Ampullary-ductal carcinoma ~15% of cases arises from intra-ampullary ducts
Peri-ampullary duodenal carcinoma ~5% of cases primarily in the duodenal, ampullary orfice must be clearly within lesion subclassifiction: (1) intestinal type, (2) mixed mucinous-intestinal type
Ampullary carcinoma not otherwise specified ~55% of cases arise from papillary projection into duodenum - from foveolar-like epithelium with goblet cells

Microscopic

Dependent on histologic subtype:[1][6]

  1. Intestinal ampullary carcinoma.
  2. Pancreaticobiliary ampullary carcinoma.
  3. Other.

Notes:

  • May lack desmoplastic stroma.[3]

DDx:

Intestinal ampullary carcinoma

Features:[1]

  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with hyperchromatic, ellipsoid nuclei.
    • Glands usually tightly packed, i.e. high gland-to-stroma ratio; often >2:1.

Note:

Pancreatobiliary ampullary carcinoma

Features:[1]

  • Tubular arrangements consisting of cuboidal cells in one or two layers.
    • Tubules usually spaced; ~1:3 gland-to-stroma ratio.

Other

Features - any of the following characteristics:[1]

  • Non-tubular morphology/poorly-differentiated.
  • Micropapillary architecture.
  • Medullary.
  • Signet ring cells.
  • Mucin:
    1. Colloid.
    2. Mixed-mucinous.
    3. Mucinous-signet-ring.

IHC

Features:[6]

  • CK7 +ve.
  • CK20 +ve.
  • MUC2 +ve.

Others:

  • SMAD4 +ve/-ve.
    • Lost in pancreatic neoplasia ~90% of cases vs. ~35% of ampullary tumours.[8]
  • p53 +ve ~55% of cases.[9][10]
  • E-cadherin +ve ~40% of cases.[11]
  • Beta-catenin +ve ~65% of cases.[11]

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  • Separate CAP protocol.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Adsay, V.; Ohike, N.; Tajiri, T.; Kim, GE.; Krasinskas, A.; Balci, S.; Bagci, P.; Basturk, O. et al. (Sep 2012). "Ampullary Region Carcinomas: Definition and Site Specific Classification with Delineation of Four Clinicopathologically and Prognostically Distinct Subsets in an Analysis of 249 Cases.". Am J Surg Pathol. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31826399d8. PMID 23026934.
  2. ↑ Mills, Stacey E; Carter, Darryl; Greenson, Joel K; Reuter, Victor E; Stoler, Mark H (2009). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1639. ISBN 978-0781779425.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mills, Stacey E; Carter, Darryl; Greenson, Joel K; Reuter, Victor E; Stoler, Mark H (2009). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1640. ISBN 978-0781779425.
  4. ↑ Tran, TC.; Vitale, GC. (Dec 2004). "Ampullary tumors: endoscopic versus operative management.". Surg Innov 11 (4): 255-63. PMID 15756395.
  5. ↑ Soravia, C.; Berk, T.; Haber, G.; Cohen, Z.; Gallinger, S.. "Management of advanced duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis.". J Gastrointest Surg 1 (5): 474-8. PMID 9834381.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fischer, HP.; Zhou, H. (2004). "Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater.". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 11 (5): 301-9. doi:10.1007/s00534-004-0898-3. PMID 15549428.
  7. ↑ Hsu, SD.; Chan, DC.; Hsieh, HF.; Chen, TW.; Yu, JC.; Chou, SJ. (Apr 2008). "Ectopic pancreas presenting as ampulla of Vater tumor.". Am J Surg 195 (4): 498-500. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.043. PMID 18304504.
  8. ↑ McCarthy, DM.; Hruban, RH.; Argani, P.; Howe, JR.; Conlon, KC.; Brennan, MF.; Zahurak, M.; Wilentz, RE. et al. (Mar 2003). "Role of the DPC4 tumor suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: analysis of 140 cases.". Mod Pathol 16 (3): 272-8. doi:10.1097/01.MP.0000057246.03448.26. PMID 12640108.
  9. ↑ Takashima, M.; Ueki, T.; Nagai, E.; Yao, T.; Yamaguchi, K.; Tanaka, M.; Tsuneyoshi, M. (Dec 2000). "Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater associated with or without adenoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 198 cases with reference to p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expressions.". Mod Pathol 13 (12): 1300-7. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880238. PMID 11144926.
  10. ↑ Park, SH.; Kim, YI.; Park, YH.; Kim, SW.; Kim, KW.; Kim, YT.; Kim, WH. (Jan 2000). "Clinicopathologic correlation of p53 protein overexpression in adenoma and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.". World J Surg 24 (1): 54-9. PMID 10594204.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Park, S.; Kim, SW.; Lee, BL.; Jung, EJ.; Kim, WH.. "Expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of ampulla of Vater cancer.". Hepatogastroenterology 53 (67): 28-32. PMID 16506371.
  12. ↑ URL: http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2012/Ampulla_12protocol_3101.pdf. Accessed on: 12 September 2012.
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