Difference between revisions of "Smoking"

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'''Smoking''' is a thing people do to destroy their health. On the plus side... these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
[[Image:Van_Gogh_-_Skull_with_a_burning_cigarette.jpg|thumb|Smoking.]]
'''Smoking''' is an addiction people have that damages their health.  
 
Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
 
==Quantification==
Smoking is often quantified by ''[[pack years]]''.


==Non-malignant disease==
==Non-malignant disease==
===Non-lung===
===Non-lung===
*Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
*[[atherosclerosis|Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]].
*Recurrent breast abscess.<ref name=pmid3225089>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Schäfer | first1 = P. | last2 = Fürrer | first2 = C. | last3 = Mermillod | first3 = B. | title = An association of cigarette smoking with recurrent subareolar breast abscess. | journal = Int J Epidemiol | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 810-3 | month = Dec | year = 1988 | doi =  | PMID = 3225089 }}
*Recurrent breast abscess.<ref name=pmid3225089>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Schäfer | first1 = P. | last2 = Fürrer | first2 = C. | last3 = Mermillod | first3 = B. | title = An association of cigarette smoking with recurrent subareolar breast abscess. | journal = Int J Epidemiol | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 810-3 | month = Dec | year = 1988 | doi =  | PMID = 3225089 }}
</ref>
</ref>
*[[Warthin tumour]].
===Lung===
===Lung===
{{Main|Medical_lung_diseases#Smoking_associated_disease}}
{{Main|Medical_lung_diseases#Smoking_associated_disease}}
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD).
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD).
*[[Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis]] (Eosinophilic granuloma).
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] (Eosinophilic granuloma).
*[[Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]] (DIP).
*[[Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]] (DIP).
*[[Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease]] (RBILD).
*[[Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease]] (RBILD).
*[[Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis]] (SRIF).


==Cancer==
==Cancer==
*[[Lung cancer]], esp. small cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, mesothelioma.
*[[Lung cancer]], esp. [[small cell carcinoma]], [[squamous carcinoma]].
*Bladder cancer ([[urothelial carcinoma]]).<ref name=medworld>{{cite web |url=http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/11-2006/smoking-related-cancers.html |title=Smoking Related Cancers |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
*Bladder cancer ([[urothelial carcinoma]]).<ref name=medworld>{{cite web |url=http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/11-2006/smoking-related-cancers.html |title=Smoking Related Cancers |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Kidney cancer]] (renal cell carcinoma).<ref name=medworld/>
*[[Kidney cancer]] ([[renal cell carcinoma]]).<ref name=medworld/>
*Head and neck cancer (squamous cell carcinoma - mouth, larynx, pharynx, esophagus).
*[[Head and neck cancer]] (squamous cell carcinoma - mouth, larynx, pharynx, esophagus).
*[[Colorectal cancer]] (adenocarcinoma).
*[[Colorectal cancer]] (adenocarcinoma).
*[[Cervical cancer]] (carcinoma).<ref name=aboutcom>{{cite web |url=http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/cancerstats.htm |title=Smoking and Cancer - Statistics for the U.S. |last1=Martin |first1=Terry |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Cervical cancer]] (carcinoma).<ref name=aboutcom>{{cite web |url=http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/cancerstats.htm |title=Smoking and Cancer - Statistics for the U.S. |last1=Martin |first1=Terry |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
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The relative risk for lung cancer in second hand smokers versus non-smokers is approximately 1.3.<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|214}}</ref>
The relative risk for lung cancer in second hand smokers versus non-smokers is approximately 1.3.<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|214}}</ref>


==No association with cancer==
==No association with smoking==
*Breast cancer.
*Breast cancer.
*Brain tumours ([[Glioma]], [[Meningioma]]).<ref name="pmid24972852">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Vida | first1 = S. | last2 = Richardson | first2 = L. | last3 = Cardis | first3 = E. | last4 = Krewski | first4 = D. | last5 = McBride | first5 = M. | last6 = Parent | first6 = ME. | last7 = Abrahamowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Leffondré | first8 = K. | last9 = Siemiatycki | first9 = J. | title = Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study. | journal = Environ Health | volume = 13 | issue =  | pages = 55 | month =  | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1186/1476-069X-13-55 | PMID = 24972852 }}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Obesity]].
*[[Ethanol abuse]].
*[[Pack year]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 05:30, 4 November 2024

Smoking.

Smoking is an addiction people have that damages their health.

Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.[1][2]

Quantification

Smoking is often quantified by pack years.

Non-malignant disease

Non-lung

Lung

Main article: Medical_lung_diseases#Smoking_associated_disease

Cancer

Second hand smokers

The relative risk for lung cancer in second hand smokers versus non-smokers is approximately 1.3.[7]

No association with smoking

See also

References

  1. ↑ van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, et al. (February 2008). "Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure". PLoS Med. 5 (2): e29. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029. PMC 2225430. PMID 18254654. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2225430/.
  2. ↑ Staddon, John. "The Social Benefits of Smoking". http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  3. ↑ Schäfer, P.; Fürrer, C.; Mermillod, B. (Dec 1988). "An association of cigarette smoking with recurrent subareolar breast abscess.". Int J Epidemiol 17 (4): 810-3. PMID 3225089.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Smoking Related Cancers". http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/11-2006/smoking-related-cancers.html. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martin, Terry. "Smoking and Cancer - Statistics for the U.S.". http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/cancerstats.htm. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  6. ↑ "Tobacco and cancer risk - statistics". http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/causes/lifestyle/tobacco/. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  7. ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 214. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  8. ↑ Vida, S.; Richardson, L.; Cardis, E.; Krewski, D.; McBride, M.; Parent, ME.; Abrahamowicz, M.; Leffondré, K. et al. (2014). "Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study.". Environ Health 13: 55. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-55. PMID 24972852.
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