Difference between revisions of "Smoking"
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Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref> | Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref> | ||
==Quantification== | |||
Smoking is often quantified by ''[[pack years]]''. | |||
==Non-malignant disease== | ==Non-malignant disease== | ||
Latest revision as of 05:30, 4 November 2024
Smoking is an addiction people have that damages their health.
Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.[1][2]
Quantification
Smoking is often quantified by pack years.
Non-malignant disease
Non-lung
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Recurrent breast abscess.[3]
- Warthin tumour.
Lung
Main article: Medical_lung_diseases#Smoking_associated_disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Eosinophilic granuloma).
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP).
- Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RBILD).
- Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF).
Cancer
- Lung cancer, esp. small cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma.
- Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma).[4]
- Kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma).[4]
- Head and neck cancer (squamous cell carcinoma - mouth, larynx, pharynx, esophagus).
- Colorectal cancer (adenocarcinoma).
- Cervical cancer (carcinoma).[5]
- Pancreatic carcinoma.[5]
- Myeloid leukaemia.[6]
Second hand smokers
The relative risk for lung cancer in second hand smokers versus non-smokers is approximately 1.3.[7]
No association with smoking
- Breast cancer.
- Brain tumours (Glioma, Meningioma).[8]
See also
References
- ↑ van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, et al. (February 2008). "Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure". PLoS Med. 5 (2): e29. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029. PMC 2225430. PMID 18254654. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2225430/.
- ↑ Staddon, John. "The Social Benefits of Smoking". http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
- ↑ Schäfer, P.; Fürrer, C.; Mermillod, B. (Dec 1988). "An association of cigarette smoking with recurrent subareolar breast abscess.". Int J Epidemiol 17 (4): 810-3. PMID 3225089.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Smoking Related Cancers". http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/11-2006/smoking-related-cancers.html. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martin, Terry. "Smoking and Cancer - Statistics for the U.S.". http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/cancerstats.htm. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Tobacco and cancer risk - statistics". http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/causes/lifestyle/tobacco/. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 214. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ Vida, S.; Richardson, L.; Cardis, E.; Krewski, D.; McBride, M.; Parent, ME.; Abrahamowicz, M.; Leffondré, K. et al. (2014). "Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study.". Environ Health 13: 55. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-55. PMID 24972852.