Difference between revisions of "Clubbing"
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**[[Tuberculosis]]. | **[[Tuberculosis]]. | ||
**Bronchiectasis. | **Bronchiectasis. | ||
** | **[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
*[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]]. | *[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]]. | *[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]]. | ||
*'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell). | *'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell). | ||
*'''I'''diopathic | *'''I'''diopathic. | ||
*'''N'''ot [[COPD]]. | *'''N'''ot [[COPD]]. | ||
*'''G'''astrointestinal: | *'''G'''astrointestinal: | ||
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Note: | Note: | ||
*Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | *Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and [[smoking]] it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*Physical examination. | *[[Physical examination]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:50, 31 January 2022
Clubbing is a physical examination finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.
Causes
The causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic clubbing:
- Cardiac.
- Subacute infective endocarditis.
- Cyanotic heart disease.
- Atrial myxoma.
- Lung:
- Lung abscess.
- Empyema.
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Bronchiectasis.
- Malignant mesothelioma.
- Ulcerative colitis.
- Biliary cirrhosis.
- Bronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell).
- Idiopathic.
- Not COPD.
- Gastrointestinal:
- Malabsorption (e.g. celiac disease).
- Crohn disease.
- Liver cirrhosis.
Note:
- Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with COPD, as it should not be seen in the context of pure emphysema.[1] Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult lung cancer.[2]
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.
- ↑ URL: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.