Difference between revisions of "Long power list"
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Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
*[[Fibroadenoma]]. | *[[Fibroadenoma]]. | ||
*[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | *[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | ||
*[[Intraductal papilloma]]. | *[[Intraductal papilloma of the breast]]. | ||
*[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | *[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | *[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | ||
Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
**Small vessel: | **Small vessel: | ||
***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ||
***[[Wegener granulomatosis | ***[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Wegener's granulomatosis). | ||
***[[Churg-Strauss syndrome | ***[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Churg-Strauss syndrome). | ||
***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ||
*[[Amyloid]] deposition. | *[[Amyloid]] deposition. | ||
Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | *[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | ||
**[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]]. | **[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]]. | ||
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP). | |||
Benign - uncommon: | Benign - uncommon: | ||
Line 401: | Line 402: | ||
Neoplasm: | Neoplasm: | ||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | *[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | ||
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN). | *[[Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm]] (LAMN). | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
Line 427: | Line 428: | ||
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | *[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]]. | *[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary | *[[Primary biliary cholangitis]]. | ||
*[[Wilson's disease]]. | *[[Wilson's disease]]. | ||
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | *[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | ||
Line 455: | Line 456: | ||
===Tumour kidney=== | ===Tumour kidney=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *[[Normal kidney]]. | ||
*[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | *[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | *[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | ||
*[[Papillary adenoma]]. | *[[Papillary adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]] (previously ''clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma'' or ''clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma''). | |||
*[[Renal medullary fibroma]]. | *[[Renal medullary fibroma]]. | ||
Line 466: | Line 468: | ||
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | *[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
Malignant - less common: | Malignant - less common: | ||
*[[Collecting duct carcinoma]]. | *[[Collecting duct carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]]. | *[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour]]. | |||
*[[Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Unclassified renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
Possibly benign: | |||
*[[Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]. | |||
*[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour]]. | |||
*[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]]. | *[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]]. | ||
*[[Cystic nephroma]]. | *[[Cystic nephroma]]. | ||
*[[Metanephric adenoma]]. | *[[Metanephric adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]]. | |||
Children - tumours: | |||
*[[ | *[[Wilms tumour]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney]]. | ||
*[[Metanephric stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Metanephric adenofibroma]]. | |||
*[[Mesoblastic nephroma]]. | |||
*[[Renal rhabdoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation]]. | |||
===Medical kidney=== | ===Medical kidney=== | ||
Important/common: | |||
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | *[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | ||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | ||
Nephrotic syndrome: | |||
*[[Minimal change disease]]. | |||
*[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Membranous nephropathy]]. | |||
Nephritic syndrome: | |||
*[[Post-infectious glomerulonephritis]]. | |||
*[[IgA nephropathy]]. | |||
*[[Lupus nephritis]]. | |||
*[[Antiglomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]. | |||
Mixed presentation: | |||
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] (MPGN). | |||
Cystic disease: | |||
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]] (ADPKD). | |||
*[[Acquired renal cystic disease]]. | |||
*[[Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease]]. | |||
Others: | |||
*[[Fibrillary glomerulopathy]]. | |||
*[[Renal amyloidosis]]. | |||
*[[Thin glomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Alport syndrome]]. | |||
*[[Fabry disease|Fabry's disease]]. | |||
*[[Thrombotic microangiopathy]]. | |||
*[[End-stage kidney]]. | |||
===Prostate gland=== | ===Prostate gland=== | ||
Line 493: | Line 545: | ||
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | ||
*[[Granulomatous prostatitis]]. | *[[Granulomatous prostatitis]]. | ||
Pre-malignant: | |||
*[[High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]]. | |||
Suspicious: | |||
*[[Atypical small acinar proliferation]] (atypical glands, suspicious). | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Prostate adenocarcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]. | *[[Prostate adenocarcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Waffle category: | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate]]. | *[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate]]. | ||
*Urothelial carcinoma. | *Urothelial carcinoma. | ||
*[[Mucinous prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland]]. | |||
*[[Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
Mimic benign: | |||
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN. | |||
===Urinary bladder=== | ===Urinary bladder=== | ||
Line 505: | Line 578: | ||
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | *[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | ||
*[[Cystitis cystica]]. | *[[Cystitis cystica]]. | ||
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]]. | |||
Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
Line 515: | Line 589: | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*[[Malakoplakia]]. | *[[Malakoplakia]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Giant cell cystitis]]. | ||
===Urine - cytology=== | ===Urine - cytology=== | ||
Line 535: | Line 609: | ||
Pre-neoplastic: | Pre-neoplastic: | ||
*[[ | *[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | ||
Common tumours: | Common tumours: | ||
Line 549: | Line 623: | ||
*[[Lymphoma]]. | *[[Lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | *[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Spermatocytic | *[[Spermatocytic tumour]]. | ||
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | *[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
*[[Liposarcoma]]. | *[[Liposarcoma]]. | ||
Line 558: | Line 632: | ||
*[[Hydrocele testis]]. | *[[Hydrocele testis]]. | ||
*[[Vasitis nodosa]]. | *[[Vasitis nodosa]]. | ||
*[[Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region]]. | |||
Epididymis: | |||
*[[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis]]. | |||
*[[Serous cystadenoma]] of the epididymis. | |||
==Gynecologic pathology== | ==Gynecologic pathology== | ||
Line 589: | Line 668: | ||
*[[Clear cell endometrial carcinoma]]. | *[[Clear cell endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | *[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometrial stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
===Cervix - cytology=== | ===Cervix - cytology=== | ||
Line 633: | Line 713: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary]]. | *[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*Endometrioid carcinoma. | *[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | *[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[Dysgerminoma]]. | *[[Dysgerminoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary]]. | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | |||
Other tumours: | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Adult granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Thecoma]]. | |||
*[[Sex cord tumour with annular tubules]]. | |||
*[[Ovarian fibroma]]. | |||
*[[Brenner tumour]]. | |||
===Fallopian tube=== | ===Fallopian tube=== | ||
Line 648: | Line 740: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
Line 687: | Line 779: | ||
Uncommon malignant: | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma | *[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''. | ||
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | *[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | *[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland]] (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma). | |||
*[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features). | |||
==Lymph node== | ==Lymph node== | ||
Line 752: | Line 847: | ||
*[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]]. | *[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]]. | ||
*[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]]. | *[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]]. | ||
*[[Oligodendroglioma]]. | |||
*[[Brain metastasis]]. | |||
===Neurodegenerative=== | ===Neurodegenerative=== | ||
*[[Alzheimer disease]]. | *[[Alzheimer disease]]. | ||
*[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]. | *[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]. | ||
*[[Parkinson disease]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]]. | |||
*[[Huntington disease]]. | |||
===Muscle=== | ===Muscle=== | ||
*[[Dermatomyositis]]. | *[[Dermatomyositis]]. | ||
*[[Polymyositis]]. | *[[Polymyositis]]. | ||
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]. | |||
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Inclusion body myositis]]. | |||
*[[Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis]]. | |||
==Pulmonary pathology== | ==Pulmonary pathology== | ||
Line 769: | Line 879: | ||
*[[Asthma]]. | *[[Asthma]]. | ||
*[[Aspiration pneumonia]]. | *[[Aspiration pneumonia]]. | ||
*[[Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
Line 774: | Line 885: | ||
*[[Squamous carcinoma of the lung]]. | *[[Squamous carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]]. | *[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Lung metastasis]]. | ||
Uncommon - granulomatous: | Uncommon - granulomatous: | ||
Line 782: | Line 893: | ||
Uncommon - benign other: | Uncommon - benign other: | ||
*[[Carcinoid tumourlet]]. | |||
*[[Typical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Atypical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | *[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | ||
*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | *[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | ||
Line 813: | Line 927: | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[ | *[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
==Spleen== | ==Spleen== | ||
Line 847: | Line 961: | ||
*[[Chorangiosis]]. | *[[Chorangiosis]]. | ||
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]]. | *[[Villitis of unknown etiology]]. | ||
*[[Chronic intervillitis]]. | |||
*[[Two vessel umbilical cord]]. | |||
*[[Maternal floor infarction]]. | |||
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]]. | |||
*[[Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy]]. | |||
=Pathologic characteristics= | =Pathologic characteristics= |
Latest revision as of 04:47, 20 March 2024
The long power list is a collection of diagnoses based on site and pathologic characteristics. It builds on the short power list.
Site
Bone & cartilage
General
Benign - bone:
Benign - bone tumours:
Benign - cartilage:
Malignant - bone:
Malignant - cartilage:
Unusual genetic conditions:
Femoral head
Benign:
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
- Trauma.
- Osteoporosis.
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
Breast pathology
Benign - common:
- Normal.
- Fibrocystic change.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Columnar cell change.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Phyllodes tumour.
- Intraductal papilloma of the breast.
- Florid epithelial hyperplasia.
- Sclerosing adenosis.
Benign - uncommon:
- Flat epithelial atypia.
- Complex sclerosing lesion.
- Breast abscess.
- Breast with fat necrosis.
- Microglandular adenosis.
- Collagenous spherulosis.
- Lactational change.
- Diabetic mastopathy.
Non-invasive:
Invasive - epithelial:
- Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive lobular carcinoma.
- Papillary carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast.
- Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast.
- Tubular carcinoma of the breast.
- Medullary breast carcinoma.
- Mucinous breast carcinoma.
- Metaplastic breast carcinoma.
Invasive - non-epithelial:
Invasive - salivary gland-like:
Cardiovascular pathology
General
- Thrombosis (embolism).
- Vasculitis.
- Large vessel:
- Medium vessel:
- Small vessel:
- Microscopic polyangiitis.
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis).
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).
- Leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
- Amyloid deposition.
- Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis.
- Fibromuscular dysplasia.
Aorta
- Atherosclerosis.
- Aortic dissection.
- Cystic medial degeneration.
- Traumatic dissection - see blunt force injury.
- Mycotic aneurysm.
Cardiac valves
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Heart
Common - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
- Lipoma.
- Rhabdomyoma.
Uncommon - malignant:
Dermatopathology
Benign - non-melanocytic:
- Epidermal inclusion cyst.
- Pilar cyst.
- Steatocystoma.
- Lipoma.
- Dermatofibroma.
- Dermal scar.
- Trichoepithelioma (trichoblastoma).
- Clear cell acanthoma.
- Leiomyoma.
Benign melanocytic lesions:
- Intradermal nevus.
- Junctional nevus.
- Congenital nevus.
- Clark nevus.
- Spitz nevus.
- Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed.
- Blue nevus.
Inflammatory skin lesions:
- Bullous diseases:
- Interface dermatitis:
- Nodular & diffuse:
- Psoriasiform diseases:
- Panniculitis:
- Vasculitides:
Malignant:
- Basal cell carcinoma.
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Malignant melanoma.
- Merkel cell carcinoma.
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
- Atypical fibroxanthoma.
- Leiomyosarcoma.
- Metastasis.
Endocrine pathology
Thyroid gland
Benign:
- Nodular hyperplasia.
- Lymphocytic thyroiditis.
- Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).
Benign - uncommon:
Malignant:
Malignant - uncommon:
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma cribriform-morular variant.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma diffuse sclerosing variant.
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma.
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Thyroid gland - cytology
- Benign.
- Follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS).
- Follicular neoplasm.
- Suspicious for malignancy.
- Malignant, e.g. papillary thyroid carcinoma.
- Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory.
Parathyroid gland
Benign:
Malignant - rare:
Adrenal gland
Benign:
- Adrenal cortical adenoma.
- Adrenal myelolipoma.
- Hemorrhagic adrenalitis (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome).
- Adrenal ganglioneuroma.
- Neuroblastoma - pediatric pathology.
- Tuberculosis.
Malignant:
Gastrointestinal pathology
Gastrointestinal polyp
Benign:
Pre-malignant:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
Malignant:
Esophagus
Benign:
Benign - uncommon:
Tumour:
- Leiomyoma.
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumour - may be malignant.
- Granular cell tumour - may be malignant.
Malignant:
Stomach
Benign:
Pre-malignant:
Malignant:
- Epithelial:
- Adenocarcinoma, intestinal-type.
- Adenocarcinoma, diffuse-type.
- Metastatic carcinoma.
- Neuroendocrine tumour.
- Mesenchymal:
- GIST.
- Hematopoietic:
Duodenum
Benign:
- Normal.
- Celiac disease.
Pre-malignant:
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
- Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum.
- Peptic ulcer disease.
- Acute duodenitis.
- Giardiasis.
- Whipple disease.
- MAI infection.
- Pseudomelanosis duodeni.
Colon/rectum
Benign:
- Normal.
- Colitis.
- Hyperplastic polyp.
- Tubular adenoma.
- Tubulovillous adenoma.
- Villous adenoma.
- Sessile serrated adenoma.
Benign - uncommon infectious:
- Pseudomembranous colitis.
- Cytomegalovirus colitis.
- Cryptosporidiosis.
- Strongyloidiasis.
- Intestinal spirochetosis.
Benign - uncommon:
- Lymphocytic colitis.
- Collagenous colitis.
- Inflammatory polyp.
- Juvenile polyp.
- Peutz-Jeghers polyp.
- Solitary rectal ulcer.
- Melanosis coli.
- Radiation colitis.
- Diversion colitis.
Tumour:
Malignant:
- Colorectal adenocarcinoma.
- Medullary carcinoma.
- Mucinous carcinoma.
- Signet ring carcinoma.
- Goblet cell carcinoid.
- Metastatic tumours.
Appendix
Benign:
- Appendicitis.
- Periappendicitis.
- Crohn's disease.
- Normal.
Benign - uncommon:
Neoplasm:
Malignant:
Liver
Benign:
Benign - tumour:
- Hepatic hemangioma.
- Focal nodular hyperplasia.
- Hepatocellular adenoma.
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
- Autoimmune hepatitis.
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis, especially in the context of UC.
- Primary biliary cholangitis.
- Wilson's disease.
- Hereditary hemochromatosis.
- Hepatic infarct.
- Hepatitis A.
Uncommon malignant:
Gallbladder
Benign:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
Genitourinary pathology
Tumour kidney
Benign:
- Normal kidney.
- Renal oncocytoma.
- Angiomyolipoma.
- Papillary adenoma.
- Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour (previously clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma or clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma).
- Renal medullary fibroma.
Malignant - common:
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- Papillary renal cell carcinoma.
- Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
Malignant - less common:
- Collecting duct carcinoma.
- Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation.
- SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma.
- Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma.
- SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma.
- Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma.
- Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma.
- Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour.
- Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma.
- Unclassified renal cell carcinoma.
- ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma.
Possibly benign:
Uncommon - benign:
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
- Chronic pyelonephritis.
- Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour.
- Mixed epithelial stromal tumour.
- Cystic nephroma.
- Metanephric adenoma.
- Low-grade oncocytic tumour.
Children - tumours:
- Wilms tumour.
- Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.
- Metanephric stromal tumour.
- Metanephric adenofibroma.
- Mesoblastic nephroma.
- Renal rhabdoid tumour.
- Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation.
Medical kidney
Important/common:
Nephrotic syndrome:
Nephritic syndrome:
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis.
- IgA nephropathy.
- Lupus nephritis.
- Antiglomerular basement membrane disease.
- Wegener's granulomatosis.
Mixed presentation:
Cystic disease:
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
- Acquired renal cystic disease.
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
Others:
- Fibrillary glomerulopathy.
- Renal amyloidosis.
- Thin glomerular basement membrane disease.
- Alport syndrome.
- Fabry's disease.
- Thrombotic microangiopathy.
- End-stage kidney.
Prostate gland
Benign:
- Normal.
- Chronic inflammation.
- Acute inflammation.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostectomy diagnosis only).
- Granulomatous prostatitis.
Pre-malignant:
Suspicious:
- Atypical small acinar proliferation (atypical glands, suspicious).
Malignant:
Waffle category:
Uncommon - malignant:
- Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
- Mucinous prostate carcinoma.
- Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma.
- Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma.
- Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland.
- Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate.
- Prostatic stromal sarcoma.
Mimic benign:
- Foamy gland carcinoma.
- Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma.
- Atrophic prostate carcinoma.
- PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma - mimics HGPIN.
Urinary bladder
Benign:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
- Urothelial dysplasia.
- Urothelial carcinoma in situ.
- Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma.
- High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma.
- Flat urothelial carcinoma.
Uncommon - benign:
Urine - cytology
Common:
- Negative for malignancy.
- Urothelial carcinoma.
- Polyomavirus.
Uncommon:
Testis
Non-neoplastic:
- Testicular abscess.
- Testicular atrophy.
- Testicular scar.
- Sertoli cell nodule (Pick's adenoma).
Pre-neoplastic:
- Germ cell neoplasia in situ (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
Common tumours:
Less common tumours:
- Sertoli cell tumour.
- Leydig cell tumour.
- Lymphoma.
- Choriocarcinoma.
- Spermatocytic tumour.
- Malignant mesothelioma.
- Liposarcoma.
- Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis.
Associated with testis
Epididymis:
- Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.
- Serous cystadenoma of the epididymis.
Gynecologic pathology
Uterus
Benign:
- Fibroids.
- Adenomyosis.
- Atrophic endometrium.
- Uterine prolapse.
- Proliferative phase endometrium.
- Secretory phase endometrium.
- Disordered proliferative endometrium.
Pre-malignant:
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia.
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia.
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
Malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
- Decidua (change of pregnancy).
- Arias-Stella reaction.
Uncommon - malignant:
Cervix - cytology
Benign:
- Normal.
- Candida.
- Endometrial cells >40 years.
Benign not typically reported:
- Atrophy.
- Reactive changes.
- Squamous metaplasia.
- Tubal metaplasia.
- Endometrial cells <40 years.
Uncommon - benign:
- HSV changes.
- Trichomonas.
- Bacterial vaginosis.
- Actinomycetes.
Waffle diagnoses:
- Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H).
- Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US).
- Atypical glandular cells (AGC).
Pre-malignant/malignant:
- LSIL.
- HSIL.
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Adenocarcinoma in situ.
- Endocervical.
- Endometrial.
- Other.
Ovary
Benign:
Malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
Other tumours:
- Leydig cell tumour.
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour.
- Adult granulosa cell tumour.
- Juvenile granulosa cell tumour.
- Thecoma.
- Sex cord tumour with annular tubules.
- Ovarian fibroma.
- Brenner tumour.
Fallopian tube
Benign:
- Paratubal cyst.
- Tubo-ovarian abscess.
- Salpingitis.
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Adenomatoid tumour.
Malignant:
Uncommon - benign:
Head and neck
General
Benign:
Malignant:
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Uncommon - malignant:
- Paraganglioma (carotid body tumour).
Salivary gland
Benign:
- Pleomorphic adenoma.
- Warthin tumour.
- Basal cell adenoma.
- Oncocytoma of the salivary gland.
- Canalicular adenoma.
Malignant:
Uncommon benign:
Uncommon malignant:
- Acinic cell carcinoma.
- Polymorphous adenocarcinoma - previously known as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma.
- Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.
- Salivary duct carcinoma.
- Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma.
- Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
- Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma).
- Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features).
Lymph node
Benign:
- Normal/resting.
- Reactive follicular hyperplasia.
- Sinus histiocytosis.
- Hyalinized lymph node.
Malignant:
- Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
- Follicular lymphoma.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small cell lymphoma.
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
- Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Marginal zone lymphoma.
Benign - uncommon:
- Castleman disease.
- Progressive transformation of germinal centers.
- Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Cat-scratch disease.
- Rosai-Dorfman disease.
- Kimura disease.
- Toxoplasmosis.
- Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma.
Neuropathology
Brain
Benign:
- Epidural hemorrhage.
- Subdural hemorrhage.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Intracerebral hemorrhage.
- Duret hemorrhage.
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Colloid cyst.
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Pediatric - tumour:
Adult - tumour:
- Meningioma.
- Schwannoma.
- Diffuse astrocytoma.
- Anaplastic astrocytoma.
- Glioblastoma.
- Myxopapillary ependymoma.
- Pituitary adenoma.
- Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.
- Papillary craniopharyngioma.
- Oligodendroglioma.
- Brain metastasis.
Neurodegenerative
Muscle
- Muscular dystrophy.
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- Inclusion body myositis.
- Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis.
Pulmonary pathology
Benign:
- Normal.
- Acute bronchopneumonia.
- Diffuse alveolar damage - acute phase, organizing phase, resolution.
- Emphysema - centrilobular, panlobular.
- Asthma.
- Aspiration pneumonia.
- Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule.
Malignant:
Uncommon - granulomatous:
- Tuberculosis.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Fungal infections (e.g. aspergillosis).
Uncommon - benign other:
- Carcinoid tumourlet.
- Typical lung carcinoid tumour.
- Atypical lung carcinoid tumour.
- Solitary fibrous tumour - esp. pleural.
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Bronchogenic cyst.
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
- Extralobar sequestration.
- Intralobar sequestration.
- Asbestosis.
- Silicosis.
- Coal worker's pneumonconiosis.
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
- Eosinophilic pneumonia.
- Goodpasture disease.
- Wegener's granulomatosis.
- Radiation pneumonitis.
- Drug toxicity, e.g. amiodarone, bleomycin.
- Infectious - blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia.
Uncommon - vascular:
- Pulmonary hypertension.
- Vasculitides - see cardiovascular section.
Uncommon - idiopathic interstitial pneumonias:
- Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).
- Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).
- Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP).
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (BOOP).
- Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD).
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP).
Uncommon - malignant:
Spleen
Benign:
- Trauma.
- Normal.
- Enlargement due to cirrhosis or other causes of portal hypertension.
- Mononucleosis.
Benign - rare:
Malignant - common:
Malignant - others:
Placenta
- Normal.
- Chorioamnionitis.
- Meconium.
- Placentomegaly.
- Placental infarction.
Less common:
- TORCH infections.
- Chorangioma.
- Chorangiosis.
- Villitis of unknown etiology.
- Chronic intervillitis.
- Two vessel umbilical cord.
- Maternal floor infarction.
- Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.
- Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy.
Pathologic characteristics
Non-skin tumours with skin
- Salivary gland tumours.
- Breast tumours.
Nodule-forming lymphoma
Malignant:
- Follicular lymphoma.
- Small cell lymphoma.
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Mantle cell lymphoma.
Nuclear features
Pseudostratified nuclei
Tumours that commonly have pseudostratified nuclei:
Pseudoinclusions
Cytoplasmic features
Eosinophilic cytoplasm
- Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Oncocytoma/oncocytic tumours.
- Apocrine tumours.
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Clear cytoplasm
Cells
Tumours with lymphocytes
- Seminoma.
- Acinic cell carcinoma.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.
- Medullary breast carcinoma.
- Thymoma.
- Lymphoma - Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin.
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.
Giant cells
Many eosinophils
- Infection - esp. fungal.
- Drug reaction.
- Inflammatory fibroid polyp.
- Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Churg-Strauss syndrome.
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Kimura disease.
Site specific:
- Eosinophilic esophagitis.
- Eosinophilic gastritis.
- Eosinophilic colitis.
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
- Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) - skin.
Red blood cell extravasation
Structures
Psammoma bodies
Myxoid lesions
Architecture
Classically nested
Stroma rich tumours
- Cholangiocarcinoma.
- Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Mesothelioma - lung.
- Hyalinizing trabecular tumour - thyroid.
- Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma - salivary gland.
Spindle cell lesions
Spindle cell lesions in neuropathology
Frustration lists
The following are diagnoses to think about if the answer isn't apparent.
General frustration list
If the pathology isn't apparent...
- Neurofibroma.
- Amyloidosis.
- Granular cell tumour.
- Adenomatoid tumour.
- Angiosarcoma.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Plasma cell neoplasm.
Memory device: NAGAAPP.