Difference between revisions of "Long power list"

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=Site=
=Site=
==Bone & cartilage==
===General===
Benign - bone:
*[[Aneurysmal bone cyst]].
*[[Brown tumour]].
*[[Paget's disease of bone]].
*[[Osteomyelitis]].
*[[Fibrous dysplasia]].
Benign - bone tumours:
*[[Osteoid osteoma]].
*[[Osteoblastoma]].
*[[Osteochondroma]].
*[[Adamantinoma]].
Benign - cartilage:
*[[Chondroma]].
*[[Enchondroma]].
*[[Chondroblastoma]].
Malignant - bone:
*[[Fracture of bone due to metastatic carcinoma|Metastatic carcinoma]].
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]].
*[[Osteosarcoma]].
*[[Ewing sarcoma]].
*[[Giant cell tumour of bone]].
Malignant - cartilage:
*[[Chondrosarcoma]].
Unusual genetic conditions:
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]].
*[[Gaucher disease]].
===Femoral head===
Benign:
*[[Osteoarthritis]].
*[[Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]].
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]].
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*[[Osteoporosis]].
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE).
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]].
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*[[Metastasis]].
==Breast pathology==
==Breast pathology==
Benign - common:
Benign - common:
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*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Phyllodes tumour]].
*[[Phyllodes tumour]].
*[[Intraductal papilloma]].
*[[Intraductal papilloma of the breast]].
*[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]].
*[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]].
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]].
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]].
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*[[Complex sclerosing lesion]].
*[[Complex sclerosing lesion]].
*Breast abscess.
*Breast abscess.
*Breast with fat necrosis.
*[[Fat_necrosis_of_the_breast|Breast with fat necrosis]].
*[[Microglandular adenosis]].
*[[Microglandular adenosis]].
*[[Collagenous spherulosis]].
*[[Collagenous spherulosis]].
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**Small vessel:
**Small vessel:
***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]].
***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]].
***[[Wegener granulomatosis]].
***[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Wegener's granulomatosis).
***[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]].
***[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Churg-Strauss syndrome).
***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]].  
***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]].  
*[[Amyloid]] deposition.
*[[Amyloid]] deposition.
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*[[Aortic dissection]].
*[[Aortic dissection]].
**[[Cystic medial degeneration]].
**[[Cystic medial degeneration]].
**Traumatic dissection.
**Traumatic dissection - see ''[[blunt force injury]]''.
*Mycotic aneurysm.
*Mycotic aneurysm.


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*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
==Dermatopathology==
Benign - non-melanocytic:
*[[Epidermal inclusion cyst]].
*[[Pilar cyst]].
*[[Steatocystoma]].
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Dermatofibroma]].
*[[Dermal scar]].
*[[Trichoepithelioma]] ([[trichoblastoma]]).
*[[Clear cell acanthoma]].
*[[Leiomyoma]].
Benign melanocytic lesions:
*[[Intradermal nevus]].
*[[Junctional nevus]].
*[[Congenital nevus]].
*[[Clark nevus]].
*[[Spitz nevus]].
*[[Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed]].
*[[Blue nevus]].
Inflammatory skin lesions:
*[[Bullous diseases]]:
**[[Pemphigus vulgaris]].
**[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]].
*Interface dermatitis:
**[[Lupus erythematosus]].
**[[Lichen planus]].
*Nodular & diffuse:
**[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]].
**[[Granuloma annulare]].
**[[Necrobiosis lipoidica]].
*Psoriasiform diseases:
**[[Psoriasis vulgaris]].
**[[Lichen simplex chronicus]].
*[[Panniculitis]]:
**[[Erythema nodosum]].
**[[Erythema induratum]].
*[[Vasculitides]]:
**[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]].
Malignant:
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Malignant melanoma]].
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]].
*[[Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]].
*[[Atypical fibroxanthoma]].
*[[Leiomyosarcoma]].
*[[Metastasis]].


==Endocrine pathology==
==Endocrine pathology==
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*[[Nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
**[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]].
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP).
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Hyalinizing trabecular tumour]].
*[[Subacute thyroiditis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]], follicular variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]].
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Malignant - uncommon:
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma, columnar cell variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant]].
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma, tall cell variant.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant]].
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma cribriform-morular variant]].
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma diffuse sclerosing variant]].
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]].
===Thyroid gland - cytology===
*Benign.
*[[Follicular lesion of undetermined significance]] (FLUS).
*[[Follicular neoplasm]].
*Suspicious for malignancy.
*Malignant, e.g. [[Thyroid_cytopathology#Papillary_carcinoma|papillary thyroid carcinoma]].
*Nondiagnostic ''or'' unsatisfactory.
===Parathyroid gland===
Benign:
*[[Parathyroid hyperplasia]].
*[[Parathyroid adenoma]].
Malignant - rare:
*[[Parathyroid carcinoma]].


===Adrenal gland===
===Adrenal gland===
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Adrenal cortical adenoma]].
*[[Adrenal cortical adenoma]].
*[[Adrenal myelolipoma]].
*[[Hemorrhagic adrenalitis]] (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome).
*[[Adrenal ganglioneuroma]].
*[[Neuroblastoma]] - [[pediatric pathology]].
*[[Tuberculosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
 
*[[Metastasis]].
==Femoral head==
Benign:
*[[Osteoarthritis]].
*Avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]].
 
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*Osteoporosis.
 
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*Slipped femoral capital epiphysis (SFCE).
*Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome.
 
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*Metastasis.


==Gastrointestinal pathology==
==Gastrointestinal pathology==
===Appendix===
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*Periappendicitis.
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*Normal.
Neoplasm:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
Malignant:
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.
===Gallbladder===
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*Intestinal metaplasia.
Uncommon - malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma.
===Gastrointestinal polyp===
===Gastrointestinal polyp===
Benign:
Benign:
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
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Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
Uncommon - benign:
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]].
*[[Juvenile polyp]].
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]].
Malignant:
*[[Adenocarcinoma]].
**[[Gastrointestinal_tract_polyps#Colorectal_adenocarcinoma|Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
===Esophagus===
Benign:
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]].
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]].
*[[Barrett esophagus]].
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Candida esophagitis]].
*[[Herpes esophagitis]].
Tumour:
*[[Leiomyoma]].
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]] - may be malignant.
*[[Granular cell tumour]] - may be malignant.
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]]
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


===Stomach===
===Stomach===
Benign:
Benign:
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
*[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]].
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
*[[Acute gastritis]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Epithelial:
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma.
**Adenocarcinoma, intestinal-type.
*[[GIST]].
**Adenocarcinoma, diffuse-type.
***[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]].
**Metastatic carcinoma.
**[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*Mesenchymal:
**[[GIST]].
*Hematopoietic:
**[[MALT lymphoma]].
**[[Mantle cell lymphoma]].
**[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]].


===Duodenum===
===Duodenum===
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma.
*[[Duodenal adenocarcinoma]].


Uncommon benign:
Uncommon benign:
*[[Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum]].
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]].
*[[Acute duodenitis]].
*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*MAI infection.
*[[MAI]] infection.
*[[Pseudomelanosis duodeni]].
 
===Colon/rectum===
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Colitis]].
**[[IBD]] - [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Sessile serrated adenoma]].
 
Benign - uncommon infectious:
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
*[[Cytomegalovirus colitis]].
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]].
*[[Strongyloidiasis]].
*[[Intestinal spirochetosis]].
 
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]].
*[[Collagenous colitis]].
*[[Inflammatory polyp]].
*[[Juvenile polyp]].
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]].
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer]].
*[[Melanosis coli]].
*[[Radiation colitis]].
*[[Diversion colitis]].
 
Tumour:
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]].
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
**Medullary carcinoma.
**Mucinous carcinoma.
**Signet ring carcinoma.
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]].
*[[metastases|Metastatic tumours]].
 
====Appendix====
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*[[Periappendicitis]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*Normal.
 
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Enterobius vermicularis]].
*[[Granulomatous appendicitis]].
 
Neoplasm:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*[[Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm]] (LAMN).
 
Malignant:
*[[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix]].
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]].


===Liver===
===Liver===
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*[[Hepatitis B]].
*[[Hepatitis B]].
*[[Hepatitis C]].
*[[Hepatitis C]].
Benign - tumour:
*Hepatic hemangioma.
*[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Hepatocellular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Metastatic adenocarcinoma.
*[[Liver metastasis]] - usually [[metastatic]] [[adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]].
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]].


Uncommon benign:
Uncommon benign:
*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]].
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]].
*[[Primary biliary cholangitis]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]].
*Hepatic infarct.
*[[Hepatitis A]].


Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
*[[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]].
===Gallbladder===
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]].
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*[[Gallbladder adenoma]].
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Carcinoma of the gallbladder]].


==Genitourinary pathology==
==Genitourinary pathology==
===Tumour kidney===
===Tumour kidney===
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal kidney]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*Papillary adenoma.
*[[Papillary adenoma]].
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]] (previously ''clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma'' or ''clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma'').
*[[Renal medullary fibroma]].


Malignant:
Malignant - common:
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
Malignant - less common:
*[[Collecting duct carcinoma]].
*[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]].
*[[SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma]].
*[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]].
*[[SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour]].
*[[Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Unclassified renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]].
Possibly benign:
*[[Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]].
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]].
*[[Chronic pyelonephritis]].
*[[Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour]].
*[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]].
*[[Cystic nephroma]].
*[[Metanephric adenoma]].
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]].
Children - tumours:
*[[Wilms tumour]].
*[[Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney]].
*[[Metanephric stromal tumour]].
*[[Metanephric adenofibroma]].
*[[Mesoblastic nephroma]].
*[[Renal rhabdoid tumour]].
*[[Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation]].


===Medical kidney===
===Medical kidney===
Important/common:
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]].
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]].
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]].
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]].
Nephrotic syndrome:
*[[Minimal change disease]].
*[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]].
*[[Membranous nephropathy]].
Nephritic syndrome:
*[[Post-infectious glomerulonephritis]].
*[[IgA nephropathy]].
*[[Lupus nephritis]].
*[[Antiglomerular basement membrane disease]].
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]].
Mixed presentation:
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] (MPGN).
Cystic disease:
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]] (ADPKD).
*[[Acquired renal cystic disease]].
*[[Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease]].
Others:
*[[Fibrillary glomerulopathy]].
*[[Renal amyloidosis]].
*[[Thin glomerular basement membrane disease]].
*[[Alport syndrome]].
*[[Fabry disease|Fabry's disease]].
*[[Thrombotic microangiopathy]].
*[[End-stage kidney]].


===Prostate gland===
===Prostate gland===
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*Acute inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only).
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only).
*[[Granulomatous prostatitis]].
Pre-malignant:
*[[High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]].
Suspicious:
*[[Atypical small acinar proliferation]] (atypical glands, suspicious).


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Acinar adenocarcinoma.
*[[Prostate adenocarcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]].
 
Waffle category:
*[[Prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Ductal adenocarcinoma.
*[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate]].
*Urothelial carcinoma.
*Urothelial carcinoma.
*[[Mucinous prostate carcinoma]].
*[[Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma]].
*[[Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland]].
*[[Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate]].
*[[Prostatic stromal sarcoma]].
Mimic benign:
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]].
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]].
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN.


===Urinary bladder===
===Urinary bladder===
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*Cystitis cystica.
*[[Cystitis cystica]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].


Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
*Urothelial dysplasia.
*[[Urothelial dysplasia]].
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade.
*[[Urothelial carcinoma in situ]].
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade.
*[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Flat urothelial carcinoma.
*[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Flat [[urothelial carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Malakoplakia]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
*[[Giant cell cystitis]].
 
===Urine - cytology===
Common:
*Negative for malignancy.
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Polyomavirus]].
 
Uncommon:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Adenocarcinoma]].
 
===Testis===
Non-neoplastic:
*[[Testicular abscess]].
*[[Testicular atrophy]].
*[[Testicular scar]].
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]] (Pick's adenoma).
 
Pre-neoplastic:
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
 
Common tumours:
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]].
*[[Yolk sac tumour]].
*[[Teratoma]].
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]].
 
Less common tumours:
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]].
*[[Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Lymphoma]].
*[[Choriocarcinoma]].
*[[Spermatocytic tumour]].
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]].
*[[Liposarcoma]].
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis]].
 
====Associated with testis====
*[[Spermatocele]].
*[[Hydrocele testis]].
*[[Vasitis nodosa]].
*[[Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region]].
 
Epididymis:
*[[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis]].
*[[Serous cystadenoma]] of the epididymis.


==Gynecologic pathology==
==Gynecologic pathology==
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*[[Fibroids]].
*[[Fibroids]].
*[[Adenomyosis]].
*[[Adenomyosis]].
*Atrophy.
*[[Atrophic endometrium]].
*Uterine prolapse.
*[[Uterine prolapse]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
*[[Disordered proliferative endometrium]].


Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia]].
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]].
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]].
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]].
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
**Endometrioid.
**[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]].
**Mucinous.
**[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma]].
**Serous.
**[[Serous endometrial carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
*Decidua (change of pregnancy).
*Decidua (change of pregnancy).
*[[Arias-Stella reaction]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Clear cell carcinoma.
*[[Clear cell endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].
*[[Endometrial stromal sarcoma]].


===Cervix - cytology===
===Cervix - cytology===
{{Main|Gynecologic cytopathology}}
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
*Candida.
*Candida.
*Endometrial cells.
*Endometrial cells >40 years.
 
Benign not typically reported:
*Atrophy.
*Atrophy.
*Reactive changes.
*Squamous metaplasia.
*Tubal metaplasia.
*Endometrial cells <40 years.
Uncommon - benign:
*[[HSV]] changes.
*Trichomonas.
*[[Bacterial vaginosis]].
*[[Actinomycetes]].
Waffle diagnoses:
*[[Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion]] (ASC-H).
*[[Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance]] (ASC-US).
*[[Atypical glandular cells]] (AGC).


Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
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*[[HSIL]].
*[[HSIL]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*Adenocarcinoma.
*Adenocarcinoma in situ.
 
**Endocervical.
Uncommon - benign:
**Endometrial.
*HSV changes.
**Other.
*Trichomonas.


===Ovary===
===Ovary===
Benign:
Benign:
*Serous cystadenoma.
*[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary]].
*Mucinous cystadenoma.
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Endometriosis]].
*[[Endometriosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary]].
*Endometrioid carcinoma.
*[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary]].
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Dysgerminoma]].
*[[Dysgerminoma]].
*[[Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary]].
*[[Choriocarcinoma]].
Other tumours:
*[[Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Adult granulosa cell tumour]].
*[[Juvenile granulosa cell tumour]].
*[[Thecoma]].
*[[Sex cord tumour with annular tubules]].
*[[Ovarian fibroma]].
*[[Brenner tumour]].


===Fallopian tube===
===Fallopian tube===
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
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*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Warthin tumour]].
*[[Warthin tumour]].
*[[Basal cell adenoma]].
*[[Oncocytoma of the salivary gland]].
*[[Canalicular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''.
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]].
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]].
*[[Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma]].
*[[Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland]] (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma).
*[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features).


==Lymph node==
==Lymph node==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal/resting.
*Normal/resting.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*[[Reactive follicular hyperplasia]].
*[[Sinus histiocytosis]].
*[[Hyalinized lymph node]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
*[[Lymph node metastasis|Metastasis]], esp. [[carcinoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[Small cell lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[MALT lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Marginal zone lymphoma]].
 
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Castleman disease]].
*[[Progressive transformation of germinal centers]].
*[[Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy]].
*[[Sarcoidosis]].
*[[Tuberculosis]].
*[[Cat-scratch disease]].
*[[Rosai-Dorfman disease]].
*[[Kimura disease]].
*[[Toxoplasmosis]].
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]].
 
==Neuropathology==
===Brain===
Benign:
*[[Epidural hemorrhage]].
*[[Subdural hemorrhage]].
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]].
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage]].
*[[Duret hemorrhage]].
*[[Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]].
*[[Multiple sclerosis]].
*[[Colloid cyst]].
*[[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]].
 
Pediatric - tumour:
*[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]].
*[[Neuroblastoma]].
*[[Retinoblastoma]].
*[[Ependymoma]].
 
Adult - tumour:
*[[Meningioma]].
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Diffuse astrocytoma]].
*[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]].
*[[Glioblastoma]].
*[[Myxopapillary ependymoma]].
*[[Pituitary adenoma]].
*[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]].
*[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]].
*[[Oligodendroglioma]].
*[[Brain metastasis]].
 
===Neurodegenerative===
*[[Alzheimer disease]].
*[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]].
 
*[[Parkinson disease]].
*[[Multiple system atrophy]].
*[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]].
*[[Multiple system atrophy]].
 
*[[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]].
*[[Huntington disease]].
 
===Muscle===
*[[Dermatomyositis]].
*[[Polymyositis]].
 
*[[Muscular dystrophy]].
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]].
*[[Inclusion body myositis]].
*[[Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis]].


==Pulmonary pathology==
==Pulmonary pathology==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
*Acute [[bronchopneumonia]].
*[[Diffuse alveolar damage]] - acute phase, organizing phase, resolution.
*[[Emphysema]] - centrilobular, panlobular.
*[[Asthma]].
*[[Aspiration pneumonia]].
*[[Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Lung adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Squamous carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous carcinoma of the lung]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]].
*[[Lung metastasis]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - granulomatous:
*[[Tuberculosis]].
*[[Tuberculosis]].
*[[Sarcoidosis]].
*[[Sarcoidosis]].
*[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]].
*Fungal infections (e.g. [[aspergillosis]]).
 
Uncommon - benign other:
*[[Carcinoid tumourlet]].
*[[Typical lung carcinoid tumour]].
*[[Atypical lung carcinoid tumour]].
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural.
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural.
*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]].
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]].
*[[Bronchogenic cyst]].
*[[Congenital pulmonary airway malformation]] (CPAM).
*[[Extralobar sequestration]].
*[[Intralobar sequestration]].
*[[Asbestosis]].
*[[Silicosis]].
*Coal worker's pneumonconiosis.
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]].
*[[Eosinophilic pneumonia]].
*[[Goodpasture disease]].
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]].
*Radiation pneumonitis.
*Drug toxicity, e.g. amiodarone, bleomycin.
*Infectious - [[blastomycosis]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[pneumocystis pneumonia]].
Uncommon - vascular:
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]].
*[[Vasculitides]] - see ''cardiovascular'' section.
Uncommon - [[diffuse lung diseases|idiopathic interstitial pneumonias]]:
*[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]] (UIP).
*[[Non-specific interstitial pneumonia]] (NSIP).
*[[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]] (LIP).
*[[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] (BOOP).
*[[Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease]] (RB-ILD).
*[[Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]] (DIP).


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Mesothelioma]].
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]].


==Spleen==
==Spleen==
Line 430: Line 933:
*Trauma.
*Trauma.
*Normal.
*Normal.
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]] or other causes of [[portal hypertension]].
*[[Mononucleosis]].
 
Benign - rare:
*[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]].


Malignant:
Malignant - common:
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]].
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
 
Malignant - others:
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]].
==Placenta==
*Normal.
*[[Chorioamnionitis]].
**[[Funisitis]].
*[[Meconium]].
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*[[Placental infarction]].
Less common:
*[[TORCH infections]].
*[[Chorangioma]].
*[[Chorangiosis]].
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]].
*[[Chronic intervillitis]].
*[[Two vessel umbilical cord]].
*[[Maternal floor infarction]].
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]].
*[[Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy]].


=Pathologic characteristics=
=Pathologic characteristics=
Line 440: Line 972:
*[[Breast]] tumours.
*[[Breast]] tumours.


==Pseudostratified nuclei==
==Nodule-forming lymphoma==
Malignant:
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Small cell lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Mantle cell lymphoma]].
 
==Nuclear features==
===Pseudostratified nuclei===
Tumours that commonly have pseudostratified nuclei:
Tumours that commonly have pseudostratified nuclei:
*[[Colorectal carcinoma]].
*[[Colorectal carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]].


==Tumours with lymphocytes==
===Pseudoinclusions===
{{Main|Nuclear pseudoinclusions}}
 
==Cytoplasmic features==
===Eosinophilic cytoplasm===
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Oncocytoma]]/oncocytic tumours.
*Apocrine tumours.
*[[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]].
 
===Clear cytoplasm===
{{Main|Clear cell tumours}}
 
==Cells==
===Tumours with lymphocytes===
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
Line 451: Line 1,005:
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]].
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]].
*[[Medullary breast carcinoma]].
*[[Medullary breast carcinoma]].
*[[Thymoma]].
*[[Lymphoma]] - [[Hodgkin lymphoma|Hodgkin]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkin]].
*[[Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma]].


==Psammoma bodies==
===Giant cells===
{{Main|Psammoma bodies}}
 
==Giant cells==
{{Main|Giant cell lesions}}
{{Main|Giant cell lesions}}


==Pseudoinclusions==
===Many eosinophils===
{{Main|Nuclear pseudoinclusions}}
*Infection - esp. fungal.
 
*[[Drug reaction]].
==Many eosinophils==
*Infection.
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]].
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]].
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]].
Line 470: Line 1,022:


Site specific:
Site specific:
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]].
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]].
*[[Eosinophilic gastritis]].
*[[Eosinophilic colitis]].
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]].
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]].
*[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin.
*[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin.


==Eosinophilic cytoplasm==
===Red blood cell extravasation===
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*Hemorrhage.
*Oncocytoma/Oncocytic tumours.
*[[Vasculitis]].
*Apocrine tumours.
*[[Nodular fasciitis]].
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]].
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]].
 
==Structures==
===Psammoma bodies===
{{Main|Psammoma bodies}}


==Clear cytoplasm==
==Myxoid lesions==
{{Main|Clear cell tumours}}
{{Main|Myxoid lesions}}


==Classically nested==
==Architecture==
===Classically nested===
*[[Paraganglioma]].
*[[Paraganglioma]].
*[[Meningioma]].
*[[Meningioma]].
Line 489: Line 1,049:
*[[SCTAT]].
*[[SCTAT]].


==Myxoid lesions==
===Stroma rich tumours===
{{Main|Myxoid lesions}}
 
==Stroma rich tumours==
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma]].
*[[Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma]].
Line 499: Line 1,056:
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]] - salivary gland.
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]] - salivary gland.


==Spindle cell lesions==
===Spindle cell lesions===
{{Main|Spindle cell lesions}}
{{Main|Spindle cell lesions}}


===Neuropathology===
====Spindle cell lesions in neuropathology====
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Gliosarcoma]].
*[[Gliosarcoma]].


==Frustration list==
==Frustration lists==
The following are diagnoses to think about if the answer isn't apparent.
 
===General frustration list===
If the pathology isn't apparent...
If the pathology isn't apparent...
*[[Neurofibroma]].
*[[Neurofibroma]].
*[[Amyloidosis]].
*[[Granular cell tumour]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
*[[Granular cell tumour]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]].
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].


For CNS specimens:
Memory device: ''NAGAAPP''.
 
===CNS frustration list===
*[[Meningioma]].
*[[Meningioma]].


Head & neck:
===Head & neck frustration list===
*[[Myoepithelioma]].
*[[Myoepithelioma]].
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma]].
===Colonic biopsies frustration list===
*[[CMV colitis]].
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]].
*[[Intestinal spirochetosis]].
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]].
*[[Collagenous colitis]].


=See also=
=See also=

Latest revision as of 04:47, 20 March 2024

The long power list is a collection of diagnoses based on site and pathologic characteristics. It builds on the short power list.

Site

Bone & cartilage

General

Benign - bone:

Benign - bone tumours:

Benign - cartilage:

Malignant - bone:

Malignant - cartilage:

Unusual genetic conditions:

Femoral head

Benign:

Uncommon - benign (fracture):

Uncommon - benign pediatric:

Uncommon - malignant (fracture):

Breast pathology

Benign - common:

Benign - uncommon:

Non-invasive:

  • ADH.
  • DCIS.
    • Subtypes: cribriform, solid, papillary, micropapillary.
  • ALH.
  • LCIS.

Invasive - epithelial:

Invasive - non-epithelial:

Invasive - salivary gland-like:

Cardiovascular pathology

General

Aorta

Cardiac valves

Aortic valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

Heart

Common - benign:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Dermatopathology

Benign - non-melanocytic:

Benign melanocytic lesions:

Inflammatory skin lesions:

Malignant:

Endocrine pathology

Thyroid gland

Benign:

Benign - uncommon:

Malignant:

Malignant - uncommon:

Thyroid gland - cytology

Parathyroid gland

Benign:

Malignant - rare:

Adrenal gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Gastrointestinal pathology

Gastrointestinal polyp

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Malignant:

Esophagus

Benign:

Benign - uncommon:

Tumour:

Malignant:

Stomach

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Duodenum

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Colon/rectum

Benign:

Benign - uncommon infectious:

Benign - uncommon:

Tumour:

Malignant:

Appendix

Benign:

Benign - uncommon:

Neoplasm:

Malignant:

Liver

Benign:

Benign - tumour:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Gallbladder

Benign:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Genitourinary pathology

Tumour kidney

Benign:

Malignant - common:

Malignant - less common:

Possibly benign:

Uncommon - benign:


Children - tumours:

Medical kidney

Important/common:

Nephrotic syndrome:

Nephritic syndrome:

Mixed presentation:

Cystic disease:

Others:

Prostate gland

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Suspicious:

Malignant:

Waffle category:

Uncommon - malignant:

Mimic benign:

Urinary bladder

Benign:

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Urine - cytology

Common:

Uncommon:

Testis

Non-neoplastic:

Pre-neoplastic:

Common tumours:

Less common tumours:

Associated with testis

Epididymis:

Gynecologic pathology

Uterus

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Cervix - cytology

Main article: Gynecologic cytopathology

Benign:

  • Normal.
  • Candida.
  • Endometrial cells >40 years.

Benign not typically reported:

  • Atrophy.
  • Reactive changes.
  • Squamous metaplasia.
  • Tubal metaplasia.
  • Endometrial cells <40 years.

Uncommon - benign:

Waffle diagnoses:

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Ovary

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Other tumours:

Fallopian tube

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Head and neck

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Salivary gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Lymph node

Benign:

Malignant:

Benign - uncommon:

Neuropathology

Brain

Benign:

Pediatric - tumour:

Adult - tumour:

Neurodegenerative

Muscle

Pulmonary pathology

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - granulomatous:

Uncommon - benign other:

Uncommon - vascular:

Uncommon - idiopathic interstitial pneumonias:

Uncommon - malignant:

Spleen

Benign:

Benign - rare:

Malignant - common:

Malignant - others:

Placenta

Less common:

Pathologic characteristics

Non-skin tumours with skin

Nodule-forming lymphoma

Malignant:

Nuclear features

Pseudostratified nuclei

Tumours that commonly have pseudostratified nuclei:

Pseudoinclusions

Main article: Nuclear pseudoinclusions

Cytoplasmic features

Eosinophilic cytoplasm

Clear cytoplasm

Main article: Clear cell tumours

Cells

Tumours with lymphocytes

Giant cells

Main article: Giant cell lesions

Many eosinophils

Site specific:

Red blood cell extravasation

Structures

Psammoma bodies

Main article: Psammoma bodies

Myxoid lesions

Main article: Myxoid lesions

Architecture

Classically nested

Stroma rich tumours

Spindle cell lesions

Main article: Spindle cell lesions

Spindle cell lesions in neuropathology

Frustration lists

The following are diagnoses to think about if the answer isn't apparent.

General frustration list

If the pathology isn't apparent...

Memory device: NAGAAPP.

CNS frustration list

Head & neck frustration list

Colonic biopsies frustration list

See also

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