Difference between revisions of "Helicobacter gastritis"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Image = | | Image = Helicobacter gastritis - crop -- extremely high mag.jpg | ||
| Width = | | Width = | ||
| Caption = Helicobacter gastritis. | | Caption = Helicobacter gastritis. [[H&E stain]]. | ||
| Micro = helicobacter organisms, moderate chronic active gastritis (neutrophils esp. at the luminal aspect/intraepithelial, numerous plasma cell clusters) | | Micro = helicobacter organisms, moderate chronic active gastritis (neutrophils esp. at the luminal aspect/intraepithelial, numerous plasma cell clusters) | ||
| Subtypes = ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', ''Helicobacter heilmannii'' | | Subtypes = ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', ''Helicobacter heilmannii'' | ||
| LMDDx = [[chronic gastritis]] | | LMDDx = [[acute gastritis]], [[chronic gastritis]] | ||
| Stains = [[Diff Quik | | Stains = [[Diff-Quik]], [[Cresyl violet stain]], [[Warthin-Starry stain]] | ||
| IHC = Helicobacter IHC | | IHC = Helicobacter IHC | ||
| EM = | | EM = | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
| Prognosis = benign | | Prognosis = benign | ||
| Other = | | Other = | ||
| ClinDDx = normal stomach | | ClinDDx = [[normal stomach]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Helicobacter gastritis''', abbreviated '''HG''', is a common form of [[gastritis]] caused by ''Helicobacter'' species. | '''Helicobacter gastritis''', abbreviated '''HG''', is a common form of [[gastritis]] caused by ''Helicobacter'' species. | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
**Carcinoma. | **Carcinoma. | ||
**[[MALT lymphoma]]. | **[[MALT lymphoma]]. | ||
Note: | |||
*Historically, ''Helicobacter'' was grouped with ''Campylobacter''.<ref name=pmid21243784>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ciortescu | first1 = I. | last2 = Stan | first2 = M. | title = [Helicobacter pylori--friend or foe?]. | journal = Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi | volume = 114 | issue = 3 | pages = 619-24 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 21243784 }}</ref> | |||
**This is why it is the ''rapid urease test'', sometimes done at endoscopy, is also known as the '' Campylobacter-like organism test'', abbreviated ''CLO test''. | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
| Line 58: | Line 62: | ||
*Inflammation - usually ''moderate chronic active''. | *Inflammation - usually ''moderate chronic active''. | ||
**Clusters of (lamina propria) [[plasma cell]]s. | **Clusters of (lamina propria) [[plasma cell]]s. | ||
**[[Neutrophil]]s, numerous, classically intraepithelial. | **[[Neutrophil]]s, numerous, classically intraepithelial and superficial. | ||
Tips: | Tips: | ||
| Line 76: | Line 80: | ||
*Contamination from oropharynx - bacilli straight, not associated with gastric mucosa. | *Contamination from oropharynx - bacilli straight, not associated with gastric mucosa. | ||
*[[Chronic gastritis]]. | *[[Chronic gastritis]]. | ||
*[[Acute gastritis]]. | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
| Line 82: | Line 87: | ||
Image:Gastritis_helicobacter_-_high_mag.jpg | Gastritis due to HP. (WC) | Image:Gastritis_helicobacter_-_high_mag.jpg | Gastritis due to HP. (WC) | ||
Image:Gastritis_helicobacter_-_very_high_mag_cropped.jpg | HP visible. (WC) | Image:Gastritis_helicobacter_-_very_high_mag_cropped.jpg | HP visible. (WC) | ||
Image:Stomach_helicobacter_he.JPG | HP gastritis. (WC) | |||
Image:Helicobacter_pylori_in_a_case_of_gastritis.jpg | HP gastritis. (WC) | |||
Image:Helicobacter_pylori,_Gastric_Mucosa,_H%26E.jpg | HP gastritis. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Helicobacter gastritis -- very high mag.jpg | HP - very high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Helicobacter gastritis -- extremely high mag.jpg | HP - extremely high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Helicobacter gastritis - crop -- extremely high mag.jpg | HP - extremely high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Helicobacter gastritis - ext crop -- extremely high mag.jpg | HP - extremely high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
www: | www: | ||
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helicobacter_gastritis Set of images - HP gastritis (WC)]. | *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helicobacter_gastritis Set of images - HP gastritis (WC)]. | ||
*[http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669/F2.large.jpg Helicobacter heilmannii (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669.extract http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669.extract]. Accessed on: 2 March 2012.</ref> | *[http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669/F2.large.jpg Helicobacter heilmannii (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669.extract http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669.extract]. Accessed on: 2 March 2012.</ref> | ||
====Helicobacter heilmannii==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Helicobacter-heilmannii.JPG | HH. (WC/Patho) | |||
File:Helicobacter-heilmannii_2.JPG | HH. (WC/Patho) | |||
File:Helicobacter-heilmannii_3.JPG | HH. (WC/Patho) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Stains== | ==Stains== | ||
| Line 98: | Line 118: | ||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
===Antrum=== | |||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy: | |||
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS | |||
and moderate chronic active inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Body=== | ===Body=== | ||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Body, Biopsy: | |||
- Body-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS | |||
and moderate chronic active inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
===IELs in duodenum=== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. Duodenum, Biopsy: | |||
- Small bowel mucosa with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, villous | |||
architecture and crypt architecture within normal limits, see comment. | |||
- NEGATIVE for acute duodenitis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia. | |||
B. Stomach, Biopsy: | |||
- Body-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation | |||
and abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
There are approximately 45 lymphocytes/100 enterocytes. Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is a nonspecific finding. IELs are seen in celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease; however, may be explained by the Helicobacter-like organisms found in the stomach. Clinical correlation is suggested. | |||
</pre> | |||
=====Alternate comment===== | |||
<pre> | |||
Comment: | |||
Focally, there are approximately 50 lymphocytes/100 enterocytes. Increased intraepithelial | |||
lymphocytes is a nonspecific finding that may be seen in a number of conditions, including | |||
infections (e.g. Helicobacter gastritis), and autoimmune disorders (e.g. Crohn's disease, celiac disease). In this case, it may be explained by the Helicobacter-like organisms found in the stomach. Clinical correlation is suggested. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Block letters==== | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
STOMACH, BIOPSY: | STOMACH, BIOPSY: | ||
- BODY-TYPE MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE | - BODY-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. | ||
- ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. | - ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. | ||
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. | - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. | ||
| Line 108: | Line 172: | ||
===Antrum=== | ===Antrum=== | ||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy: | |||
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS, | |||
and moderate chronic active inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
=====Alternate===== | |||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Biopsy: | |||
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation. | |||
- Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms present. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
=====Block letters===== | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
STOMACH, BIOPSY: | STOMACH, BIOPSY: | ||
- ANTRAL-TYPE MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE | - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. | ||
- ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. | - ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. | ||
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. | - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. | ||
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | ||
</pre> | |||
====IM present==== | |||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Biopsy: | |||
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with: | |||
-- Focal intestinal metaplasia. | |||
-- Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms. | |||
-- Moderate chronic active gastritis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
======Block letters====== | |||
<pre> | |||
STOMACH, BIOPSY: | |||
- ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH: | |||
-- FOCAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. | |||
-- ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. | |||
-- MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
====H. heilmannii==== | |||
<pre> | |||
Stomach, Biopsy: | |||
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation. | |||
- Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms present. | |||
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
Comment: | |||
The Helicobacter-like organisms have an appearance similar to crinkle cut French fries; this suggests the organisms are H. heilmannii. | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
| Line 125: | Line 239: | ||
*[[Stomach]]. | *[[Stomach]]. | ||
*[[Chronic gastritis]]. | *[[Chronic gastritis]]. | ||
*[[Helicobacter duodenitis]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 130: | Line 245: | ||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Stomach]] | |||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:43, 5 February 2024
| Helicobacter gastritis | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Helicobacter gastritis. H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | helicobacter organisms, moderate chronic active gastritis (neutrophils esp. at the luminal aspect/intraepithelial, numerous plasma cell clusters) |
| Subtypes | Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter heilmannii |
| LM DDx | acute gastritis, chronic gastritis |
| Stains | Diff-Quik, Cresyl violet stain, Warthin-Starry stain |
| IHC | Helicobacter IHC |
| Site | stomach |
|
| |
| Associated Dx | MALT lymphoma, gastric carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, peptic ulcer, duodenitis |
| Prevalence | common |
| Endoscopy | erythema |
| Prognosis | benign |
| Clin. DDx | normal stomach |
Helicobacter gastritis, abbreviated HG, is a common form of gastritis caused by Helicobacter species.
The most common Helicobacter implicated is Helicobacter pylori, abbreviated HP.
General
- Several Helicobacter species can cause gastritis:
- Helicobacter pylori - most common.
- Helicobacter heilmannii.
Epidemiologic associations - Helicobacter infections are associated with:[1]
- Gastritis.
- Peptic ulcers.
- Cancer.
- Carcinoma.
- MALT lymphoma.
Note:
- Historically, Helicobacter was grouped with Campylobacter.[2]
- This is why it is the rapid urease test, sometimes done at endoscopy, is also known as the Campylobacter-like organism test, abbreviated CLO test.
Gross
- Thickened gastric folds.
- Erythema.
Microscopic
Features:
- Helicobacter organisms - key feature.
- Inflammation - usually moderate chronic active.
- Clusters of (lamina propria) plasma cells.
- Neutrophils, numerous, classically intraepithelial and superficial.
Tips:
- One needs to look at 400x magnification. Even at 400x they are possible to miss.
- Helicobacter are damn small. They are smaller than the nucleus of the gastric foveollar cell.
- Look for mucus - they preferentially reside there.
- This is usually close to the opening of the gastric pits.
- Helicobacter are found in groups. When you see several that are the same size and shape you can be sure they are real.
Notes:
- Helicobacter can be in antrum and/or body.[5]
- Helicobacter don't like the intestinal mucosa or mucosa that has undergone intestinal metaplasia; you're less likely to find 'em adjacent to it. In general, Helicobacter is uncommon in the context of a case with IM... but common enough that one still ought to look for it.
- May be associated with G-cell hyperplasia.[6]
DDx:
- Dirt - material has a variable size.
- Contamination from oropharynx - bacilli straight, not associated with gastric mucosa.
- Chronic gastritis.
- Acute gastritis.
Images
H. pylori - IHC. (WC)
Gastritis due to HP. (WC)
HP visible. (WC)
HP gastritis. (WC)
HP gastritis. (WC)
HP gastritis. (WC)
.jpg)
HP - very high mag. (WC)
HP - extremely high mag. (WC)
HP - extremely high mag. (WC)
HP - extremely high mag. (WC)
www:
Helicobacter heilmannii
HH. (WC/Patho)
HH. (WC/Patho)
HH. (WC/Patho)
Stains
- Cresyl violet stain - background and organisms blue.
- Warthin-Starry stain - background yellow, organisms black.
IHC
- Helicobacter pylori IHC stain +ve.
Note:
- Reportly also stains Helicobacter heilmannii.[4]
Sign out
Antrum
Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy: - Antral-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS and moderate chronic active inflammation. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Body
Stomach, Body, Biopsy: - Body-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS and moderate chronic active inflammation. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
IELs in duodenum
A. Duodenum, Biopsy: - Small bowel mucosa with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, villous architecture and crypt architecture within normal limits, see comment. - NEGATIVE for acute duodenitis. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia. B. Stomach, Biopsy: - Body-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation and abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. COMMENT: There are approximately 45 lymphocytes/100 enterocytes. Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is a nonspecific finding. IELs are seen in celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease; however, may be explained by the Helicobacter-like organisms found in the stomach. Clinical correlation is suggested.
Alternate comment
Comment: Focally, there are approximately 50 lymphocytes/100 enterocytes. Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes is a nonspecific finding that may be seen in a number of conditions, including infections (e.g. Helicobacter gastritis), and autoimmune disorders (e.g. Crohn's disease, celiac disease). In this case, it may be explained by the Helicobacter-like organisms found in the stomach. Clinical correlation is suggested.
Block letters
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - BODY-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. - ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
Antrum
Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy:
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with abundant HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS,
and moderate chronic active inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia.
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Alternate
Stomach, Biopsy: - Antral-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation. - Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms present. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Block letters
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. - ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS PRESENT. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
IM present
Stomach, Biopsy: - Antral-type gastric mucosa with: -- Focal intestinal metaplasia. -- Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms. -- Moderate chronic active gastritis. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Block letters
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH: -- FOCAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. -- ABUNDANT HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. -- MODERATE CHRONIC ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
H. heilmannii
Stomach, Biopsy: - Antral-type gastric mucosa with moderate chronic active inflammation. - Abundant Helicobacter-like organisms present. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. Comment: The Helicobacter-like organisms have an appearance similar to crinkle cut French fries; this suggests the organisms are H. heilmannii.
Micro
The sections show antral-type gastric mucosa with abundant lamina propria plasma cells and focal intraepithelial neutrophils. Cocci and bacilli are present. Some of the bacilli are Helicobactor-like. The epithelium matures normally to the surface. No goblet cells are identified.
See also
References
- ↑ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 814. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
- ↑ Ciortescu, I.; Stan, M.. "[Helicobacter pylori--friend or foe?].". Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 114 (3): 619-24. PMID 21243784.
- ↑ Mobley, HLT.; Mendz, GL.; Hazell, SL.; Andersen, LP.; Wadström, T.. Basic Bacteriology and Culture. PMID 21290743. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2444/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singhal, AV.; Sepulveda, AR. (Nov 2005). "Helicobacter heilmannii gastritis: a case study with review of literature.". Am J Surg Pathol 29 (11): 1537-9. PMID 16224223.
- ↑ Maaroos HI, Kekki M, Villako K, Sipponen P, Tamm A, Sadeniemi L (October 1990). "The occurrence and extent of Helicobacter pylori colonization and antral and body gastritis profiles in an Estonian population sample". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 25 (10): 1010-7. PMID 2263873.
- ↑ Kwan, CP.; Tytgat, GN. (Nov 1995). "Antral G-cell hyperplasia: a vanishing disease?". Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 7 (11): 1099-1103. PMID 8680911.
- ↑ URL: http://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1669.extract. Accessed on: 2 March 2012.