Difference between revisions of "Clubbing"

Revision as of 18:22, 31 January 2022

Clubbing. (WC)

Clubbing is a physical examination finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.

Causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic clubbing:

Cardiac.
- Subacute infective endocarditis.
- Cyanotic heart disease.
- Atrial myxoma.
Lung:
- Lung abscess.
- Empyema.
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Bronchiectasis.
- Mesothelioma
Ulcerative colitis.
Biliary cirrhosis
Bronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell).
Idiopathic
Not COPD.
Gastrointestinal:
- Malabsorption (e.g. celiac disease).
- Crohn disease.
- Liver cirrhosis.

Note:

Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with COPD, as it should not be seen in the context of pure emphysema.^[1] Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult lung cancer.^[2]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 '''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.
-Lung causes of clubbing:
+Causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic ''clubbing'':
-*Abscess.
+*'''C'''ardiac.
-*[[Bronchiectasis]]
+**Subacute infective endocarditis.
-*[[Lung cancer]].
+**Cyanotic heart disease.
-*Decreased O<sub>2</sub>.
+**[[Atrial myxoma]].
-*Empyema.
+*'''L'''ung:
-*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]].
+**Lung abscess.
-*[[Cystic fibrosis]].
+**[[Empyema]].
+**[[Cystic fibrosis]].
+**[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]].
+**[[Tuberculosis]].
+**Bronchiectasis.
+**Mesothelioma
+*[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]].
+*[[biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]]
+*'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell).
+*'''I'''diopathic
+*'''N'''ot [[COPD]].
+*'''G'''astrointestinal:
+**Malabsorption (e.g. [[celiac disease]]).
+**[[Crohn disease]].
+**[[Liver cirrhosis]].
 Note: