Difference between revisions of "Achalasia"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
*[[Esophagus]]. | *[[Esophagus]]. | ||
*[[Esophageal stricture]]. | *[[Esophageal stricture]]. | ||
*[[POEM]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:20, 14 January 2020
Achalasia is a benign pathology of the esophagus.
General
- Uncommon.
- Risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (in men and women) and adenocarcinoma (in men).[1]
- Due to loss of ganglion cells.[2]
Clinical:
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) liquids and solids.[2]
DDx:
- Chagas disease - classically with dilation of the esophagus.[3]
Treatment:[4]
- Endoscopic dilation.
- Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
- Laparoscopic myotomy.
Microscopic
Features:[5]
- Mucosa typically normal - even in long-standing achalasia.
Note:[5]
- Achalasia seen in the context of a resection usually has inflammation.
- Post-Heller myotomy often has inflammation.
Sign out
ESOPHAGUS, BIOPSY: - SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH A MILD DEEP LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE, EDEMA, AND REACTIVE CHANGES, NO EOSINOPHILS APPARENT. - SCANT COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MINIMAL STROMA, NO APPARENT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
Alternate
GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION, BIOPSY: - COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MODERATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. - REACTIVE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
See also
References
- ↑ Zendehdel, K.; Nyrén, O.; Edberg, A.; Ye, W. (Jan 2011). "Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in achalasia patients, a retrospective cohort study in Sweden.". Am J Gastroenterol 106 (1): 57-61. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.449. PMID 21212754.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blatnik, JA.; Ponsky, JL. (Jan 2014). "Advances in the Treatment of Achalasia.". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. doi:10.1007/s11938-013-0007-2. PMID 24395614.
- ↑ Pantanali, CA.; Herbella, FA.; Henry, MA.; Mattos Farah, JF.; Patti, MG. (Jan 2013). "Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and fundoplication in patients with Chagas' disease achalasia and massively dilated esophagus.". Am Surg 79 (1): 72-5. PMID 23317615.
- ↑ Swanstrom, LL.; Kurian, A.; Dunst, CM.; Sharata, A.; Bhayani, N.; Rieder, E. (Oct 2012). "Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure.". Ann Surg 256 (4): 659-67. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212. PMID 22982946.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kjellin, AP.; Ost, AE.; Pope, CE. (2005). "Histology of esophageal mucosa from patients with achalasia.". Dis Esophagus 18 (4): 257-61. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00478.x. PMID 16128783.