Difference between revisions of "Cytometry"
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==Common markers== | ==Common markers== | ||
*CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7. | *[[CD3]], CD4, CD8, [[CD5]], CD7. | ||
*CD19, CD20, FMC7. | *CD19, [[CD20]], FMC7. | ||
*Kappa, lambda. | *Kappa, lambda. | ||
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*In reactive nodes T-cells predominate. | *In reactive nodes T-cells predominate. | ||
*Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8. | *Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8. | ||
*Kappa and lambda are not expressed by the same cell. | *Kappa (k) and lambda (l) are not expressed by the same cell. | ||
*Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.<ref>SB. March 10, 2010.</ref> | *Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.<ref>SB. March 10, 2010.</ref> | ||
**Lambda dominance is less common. | **Lambda dominance is less common. | ||
GS guidelines - non-malignant is:<ref>GS. LSC Procedure. March 11, 2010.</ref> | GS guidelines - non-malignant is:<ref>GS. LSC Procedure. March 11, 2010.</ref> | ||
*CD19 ~= CD20 | *CD19 ~= CD20. | ||
*CD5 = CD3 | *CD5 = CD3. | ||
*CD2 > CD3 and CD5 | *CD2 > CD3 and CD5. | ||
*CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3 | *CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3. | ||
*CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell | *CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell. | ||
==Abnormal== | ==Abnormal== | ||
*CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in: | *CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in: | ||
**Sarcoidosis. | **[[Sarcoidosis]]. | ||
**Hodgkin's lymphoma. | **[[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]. | ||
*T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7). | *T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7). | ||
**CD7 is usually the first to be lost. | **CD7 is usually the first to be lost. | ||
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*CD10. | *CD10. | ||
**Germinal centre marker. | **Germinal centre marker. | ||
**+ve in: follicular | **+ve in: [[follicular lymphoma]], [[Burkitt lymphoma]], precursor lymphoblastic leukemia. | ||
*CD19. | *CD19. | ||
**B cell marker. | **B cell marker. | ||
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**B cell marker. | **B cell marker. | ||
**Should be ~=CD20. | **Should be ~=CD20. | ||
*CD23. | *[[CD23]]. | ||
**+ve in CLL/SLL. | **+ve in [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia|CLL/SLL]]. | ||
*FMC7 | *FMC7 | ||
**B cell marker. | **B cell marker. | ||
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NK-Cell Associated Markers | NK-Cell Associated Markers | ||
*CD56. | *[[CD56]]. | ||
*CD16. | *CD16. | ||
Miscellaneous Markers | Miscellaneous Markers | ||
*CD11c. | *CD11c -- usu. +ve in [[marginal zone lymphoma]]. | ||
*CD14. | *CD14. | ||
Latest revision as of 16:33, 5 March 2017
Cytometry is the quantification and measurement of cells.
It is typically done in the context of lymphoma via one of two techniques:
- Flow cytometry.
- Laser scanning cytometry (LSC).
Common markers
Normal
- T-cells to B-cells usually 1:1.
- In reactive nodes T-cells predominate.
- Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8.
- Kappa (k) and lambda (l) are not expressed by the same cell.
- Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.[1]
- Lambda dominance is less common.
GS guidelines - non-malignant is:[2]
- CD19 ~= CD20.
- CD5 = CD3.
- CD2 > CD3 and CD5.
- CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3.
- CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell.
Abnormal
- CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in:
- T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7).
- CD7 is usually the first to be lost.
Sample report
B-Cell Associated Markers
- CD10.
- Germinal centre marker.
- +ve in: follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.
- CD19.
- B cell marker.
- Should be ~=CD20.
- CD20.
- B cell marker.
- Should be ~=CD20.
- CD23.
- +ve in CLL/SLL.
- FMC7
- B cell marker.
- Kappa+CD19/20+.
- B cell clonality.
- Lambda+CD19/20+
- B cell clonality.
T-Cell Associated Markers
- CD3.
- CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
- Usually: CD2 > CD3 > CD7.
- CD5.
- Usually: CD2 > CD5 > CD7.
- CD4.
- CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
- CD8.
- CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
- CD7.
- Usually least prevalent T cell marker; < CD2, < CD3, < CD5.
- CD2.
- Usually most prevalent T cell marker; > CD3, > CD5, > CD7.
NK-Cell Associated Markers
- CD56.
- CD16.
Miscellaneous Markers
- CD11c -- usu. +ve in marginal zone lymphoma.
- CD14.