Difference between revisions of "Programmed cell death 1"
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===Clones=== | ===Clones=== | ||
*Nivolumab: PD-L1 28-8: provides prognostic inflammation, may benefit without staining.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Borghaei | first1 = H. | last2 = Paz-Ares | first2 = L. | last3 = Horn | first3 = L. | last4 = Spigel | first4 = DR. | last5 = Steins | first5 = M. | last6 = Ready | first6 = NE. | last7 = Chow | first7 = LQ. | last8 = Vokes | first8 = EE. | last9 = Felip | first9 = E. | title = Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 373 | issue = 17 | pages = 1627-39 | month = Oct | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 | PMID = 26412456 }}</ref> | *Nivolumab: PD-L1 28-8: provides prognostic inflammation, may benefit without staining.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Borghaei | first1 = H. | last2 = Paz-Ares | first2 = L. | last3 = Horn | first3 = L. | last4 = Spigel | first4 = DR. | last5 = Steins | first5 = M. | last6 = Ready | first6 = NE. | last7 = Chow | first7 = LQ. | last8 = Vokes | first8 = EE. | last9 = Felip | first9 = E. | title = Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 373 | issue = 17 | pages = 1627-39 | month = Oct | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 | PMID = 26412456 }}</ref> No testing for squamous carcinoma. Pending further information for non-squamous needing staining. | ||
*Pembrolizumab: PD-L1 22C3:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Garon | first1 = EB. | last2 = Rizvi | first2 = NA. | last3 = Hui | first3 = R. | last4 = Leighl | first4 = N. | last5 = Balmanoukian | first5 = AS. | last6 = Eder | first6 = JP. | last7 = Patnaik | first7 = A. | last8 = Aggarwal | first8 = C. | last9 = Gubens | first9 = M. | title = Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 372 | issue = 21 | pages = 2018-28 | month = May | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1501824 | PMID = 25891174 }}</ref> testing required. | *Pembrolizumab: PD-L1 22C3:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Garon | first1 = EB. | last2 = Rizvi | first2 = NA. | last3 = Hui | first3 = R. | last4 = Leighl | first4 = N. | last5 = Balmanoukian | first5 = AS. | last6 = Eder | first6 = JP. | last7 = Patnaik | first7 = A. | last8 = Aggarwal | first8 = C. | last9 = Gubens | first9 = M. | title = Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 372 | issue = 21 | pages = 2018-28 | month = May | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1501824 | PMID = 25891174 }}</ref> testing required. | ||
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*Atezolizumab: <ref name=pmid26970723>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fehrenbacher | first1 = L. | last2 = Spira | first2 = A. | last3 = Ballinger | first3 = M. | last4 = Kowanetz | first4 = M. | last5 = Vansteenkiste | first5 = J. | last6 = Mazieres | first6 = J. | last7 = Park | first7 = K. | last8 = Smith | first8 = D. | last9 = Artal-Cortes | first9 = A. | title = Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. | journal = Lancet | volume = 387 | issue = 10030 | pages = 1837-46 | month = Apr | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0 | PMID = 26970723 }}</ref> testing required. | *Atezolizumab: <ref name=pmid26970723>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fehrenbacher | first1 = L. | last2 = Spira | first2 = A. | last3 = Ballinger | first3 = M. | last4 = Kowanetz | first4 = M. | last5 = Vansteenkiste | first5 = J. | last6 = Mazieres | first6 = J. | last7 = Park | first7 = K. | last8 = Smith | first8 = D. | last9 = Artal-Cortes | first9 = A. | title = Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. | journal = Lancet | volume = 387 | issue = 10030 | pages = 1837-46 | month = Apr | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0 | PMID = 26970723 }}</ref> testing required. | ||
*Durvalumab: testing required. | *Durvalumab: testing likely required. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 19:35, 10 July 2016
Programmed cell death 1, abbreviated PDCD1 and PD1,[1] is a protein (and gene) with an important role in immune system regulation and cancer. It is found on T lymphocytes.
It is also known as CD279.
PD1 binds with programmed death-ligand 1 (dealt with separately) and programmed death-ligand 2.[2]
Background
Cytotoxic T cell function is regulated by receptor pairs found on the tumour and lymphocyte:[2]
| Function | Tumour cell | T cell |
|---|---|---|
| Antigen presentation | MHC | TCR |
| Signal inhibition | PD-1 | PD-L1 (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273) |
Drugs
- Pembrolizumab.
- Nivolumab.
- Atezolizumab.
- Durvalumab.
- Avelumab.
Uncertain whether it binds PD-L1:
- Pidilizumab.
IHC
- There is no standard PD-1 antibody; each drug company has its own clone.
Clones
- Nivolumab: PD-L1 28-8: provides prognostic inflammation, may benefit without staining.[3] No testing for squamous carcinoma. Pending further information for non-squamous needing staining.
- Pembrolizumab: PD-L1 22C3:[4] testing required.
- Atezolizumab: [5] testing required.
- Durvalumab: testing likely required.
See also
- Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).
References
- ↑ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 600244
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ribas, A. (Jun 2012). "Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1.". N Engl J Med 366 (26): 2517-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1205943. PMID 22658126.
- ↑ Borghaei, H.; Paz-Ares, L.; Horn, L.; Spigel, DR.; Steins, M.; Ready, NE.; Chow, LQ.; Vokes, EE. et al. (Oct 2015). "Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.". N Engl J Med 373 (17): 1627-39. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1507643. PMID 26412456.
- ↑ Garon, EB.; Rizvi, NA.; Hui, R.; Leighl, N.; Balmanoukian, AS.; Eder, JP.; Patnaik, A.; Aggarwal, C. et al. (May 2015). "Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.". N Engl J Med 372 (21): 2018-28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1501824. PMID 25891174.
- ↑ Fehrenbacher, L.; Spira, A.; Ballinger, M.; Kowanetz, M.; Vansteenkiste, J.; Mazieres, J.; Park, K.; Smith, D. et al. (Apr 2016). "Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial.". Lancet 387 (10030): 1837-46. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0. PMID 26970723.