Difference between revisions of "Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach"

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{{ Infobox diagnosis
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Gastric intestinal metaplasia.jpg
| Image      = Stomach with intestinal metaplasia -- intermed mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Width      =
| Caption    = Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. [[H&E stain]].
| Caption    = Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. [[H&E stain]].
| Micro      = goblet cells with foveolar epithelium
| Micro      = goblet cells with foveolar epithelium
| Subtypes  =
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = contaminant from the [[duodenum]], [[gastric dysplasia]], [[gastric carcinoma]]
| LMDDx      = contaminant from the [[duodenum]], [[gastric dysplasia]], [[gastric carcinoma]], [[gastric heterotopia of the duodenum]]
| Stains    = alcian blue/PAS +ve
| Stains    = alcian blue/PAS +ve
| IHC        = CDX2 +ve
| IHC        = CDX2 +ve
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DDx:
DDx:
*[[Normal duodenum|Normal small bowel mucosa]] - no foveolar epithelium present.
*[[Normal duodenum|Normal small bowel mucosa]] - no foveolar epithelium present, possibly a contaminant from a concurrent duodenal biopsy.
*[[Gastric dysplasia]], intestinal type.
*[[Gastric dysplasia]], intestinal type.
*[[Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum]].


===Images===
===Images===
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Gastric_adenocarcinoma.jpg | Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach - crappy quality. (WC)
Image: Stomach with intestinal metaplasia -- intermed mag.jpg | Stomach IM - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Stomach with intestinal metaplasia -- high mag.jpg | Stomach IM - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Stains==
==Stains==
*Alcian blue (pH 2.5)/PAS +ve.<ref name=pmid14736279>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rivera-Hueto | first1 = F. | last2 = Lag-Asturiano | first2 = E. | last3 = Utrilla-Alcolea | first3 = JC. | last4 = Herrerías-Gutiérrez | first4 = JM. | title = Advanced gastric carcinoma with a complete intestinal metaplasia phenotype associated with early intestinal-type carcinoma. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 128 | issue = 2 | pages = 218-21 | month = Feb | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128218:AGCWAC2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 14736279 }}</ref>
*Alcian blue (pH 2.5)/PAS +ve.<ref name=pmid14736279>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rivera-Hueto | first1 = F. | last2 = Lag-Asturiano | first2 = E. | last3 = Utrilla-Alcolea | first3 = JC. | last4 = Herrerías-Gutiérrez | first4 = JM. | title = Advanced gastric carcinoma with a complete intestinal metaplasia phenotype associated with early intestinal-type carcinoma. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 128 | issue = 2 | pages = 218-21 | month = Feb | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128218:AGCWAC2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 14736279 }}</ref>
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</gallery>
</gallery>
==IHC==
==IHC==
*CDX2 +ve (-ve in normal stomach).<ref name=pmid12477745>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Walker | first1 = MM. | title = Is intestinal metaplasia of the stomach reversible? | journal = Gut | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-4 | month = Jan | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 12477745 | PMC = 1773527
*CDX2 +ve (-ve in normal stomach).<ref name=pmid12477745/>
}}</ref>
**Strong assoc. with ''[[Helicobacter gastritis]]'' as well as IM.<ref name=pmid12047325>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Satoh | first1 = K. | last2 = Mutoh | first2 = H. | last3 = Eda | first3 = A. | last4 = Yanaka | first4 = I. | last5 = Osawa | first5 = H. | last6 = Honda | first6 = S. | last7 = Kawata | first7 = H. | last8 = Kihira | first8 = K. | last9 = Sugano | first9 = K. | title = Aberrant expression of CDX2 in the gastric mucosa with and without intestinal metaplasia: effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 192-8 | month = Jun | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12047325 }}</ref>
**Strong assoc. with ''[[Helicobacter gastritis]]'' as well as IM.<ref name=pmid12047325>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Satoh | first1 = K. | last2 = Mutoh | first2 = H. | last3 = Eda | first3 = A. | last4 = Yanaka | first4 = I. | last5 = Osawa | first5 = H. | last6 = Honda | first6 = S. | last7 = Kawata | first7 = H. | last8 = Kihira | first8 = K. | last9 = Sugano | first9 = K. | title = Aberrant expression of CDX2 in the gastric mucosa with and without intestinal metaplasia: effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 192-8 | month = Jun | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12047325 }}</ref>


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==Sign out==
==Sign out==
===Focal===
===Focal===
<pre>
Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy:
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia (focal) and
  moderate chronic inactive inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for Helicobacter-like organisms.
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
</pre>
====Block letters====
<pre>
<pre>
STOMACH, BIOPSY:
STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- BODY-TYPE MUCOSA WITH INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, FOCAL.
- BODY-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, FOCAL.
- MINIMAL CHRONIC GASTRITIS (BODY OF STOMACH).
- MINIMAL CHRONIC GASTRITIS (BODY OF STOMACH).
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
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<pre>
<pre>
STOMACH, BIOPSY:
STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- ANTRAL-TYPE MUCOSA WITH FOCAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND MILD CHRONIC
- ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH FOCAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND MILD CHRONIC
   INACTIVE INFLAMMATION.
   INACTIVE INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.

Latest revision as of 12:56, 3 May 2016

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
Diagnosis in short

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. H&E stain.
LM goblet cells with foveolar epithelium
LM DDx contaminant from the duodenum, gastric dysplasia, gastric carcinoma, gastric heterotopia of the duodenum
Stains alcian blue/PAS +ve
IHC CDX2 +ve
Site stomach
Associated Dx gastric carcinoma, chronic gastritis, Helicobacter gastritis
Clinical history +/-chronic gastritis
Endoscopy +/-erythema
Clin. DDx gastritis, gastric dysplasia
Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
External resources
EHVSC 10167 (focal)

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is a relative common finding that is associated with a modest increased risk of gastric carcinoma.

It is also known as gastric intestinal metaplasia and may be abbreviated IM.

General

  • Often part of surgical pathology report, e.g. "negative for intestinal metaplasia" or "intestinal metaplasia present".
  • May be associated with Helicobacter spp. infection -- though Helicobacter don't like intestinal type mucosa, i.e. H. pylori are not typically found in regions with intestinal metaplasia.
  • May be reversible - some epidemiological evidence.[1]
  • Associated with gastric carcinomas of Lynch syndrome;[2] however, surveillance may not be worthwhile.[3]

Significance:

  • Moderate risk increase for carcinoma; risk less than for Barrett's esophagus.[4]
    • Odds ratio for corpus (~5.8x) higher than antrum (2.3x) when compared to individuals without IM.[5]

Gross/endoscopic

Microscopic

Features:

  • Goblet cells are present in the stomach - key feature.[6]
    • In H&E sections the vacuole often stains light grey.
    • Foveolar epithelium should be present in the same fragment.
  • +/-Paneth cells - deep in the glands.[7]
    • Very rarely present.
    • Very uncommon in isolation.

Notes:

  • Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is occasionally subdivided:[8]
    • Complete IM = goblet cells and (intestinal) brush border.
    • Incomplete IM = mucus vacuoles of various sizes, no (intestinal) brush border.
  • Goblet cells metaplasia starts in the neck region of the gastric glands.[9]

DDx:

Images

  • Stomach IM - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • Stomach IM - high mag. (WC)

Stains

  • Alcian blue (pH 2.5)/PAS +ve.[10]
    • May be used to divide into complete (type I) and incomplete (type II).[11][12]
  • Alican blue stain +ve.[citation needed]

Image

  • Barrett's mucosa - Alcian blue stain. (WC)

IHC

Others:

  • Lysozyme +ve - marks paneth cells.[7]

Sign out

Focal

Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy:
- Antral-type gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia (focal) and 
  moderate chronic inactive inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for Helicobacter-like organisms.
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.

Block letters

STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- BODY-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, FOCAL.
- MINIMAL CHRONIC GASTRITIS (BODY OF STOMACH).
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH FOCAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND MILD CHRONIC
  INACTIVE INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Extensive

STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- SUPERFICIAL GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH EXTENSIVE INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND MODERATE
  CHRONIC INACTIVE INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTOR-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Walker, MM. (Jan 2003). "Is intestinal metaplasia of the stomach reversible?". Gut 52 (1): 1-4. PMC 1773527. PMID 12477745. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773527/.
  2. ↑ Cristofaro, G.; Lynch, HT.; Caruso, ML.; Attolini, A.; DiMatteo, G.; Giorgio, P.; Senatore, S.; Argentieri, A. et al. (Jul 1987). "New phenotypic aspects in a family with Lynch syndrome II.". Cancer 60 (1): 51-8. PMID 3581033.
  3. ↑ Renkonen-Sinisalo, L.; Sipponen, P.; Aarnio, M.; Julkunen, R.; Aaltonen, LA.; Sarna, S.; Järvinen, HJ.; Mecklin, JP. (May 2002). "No support for endoscopic surveillance for gastric cancer in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.". Scand J Gastroenterol 37 (5): 574-7. PMID 12059060.
  4. ↑ Correa P, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT (March 2010). "Pathology of gastric intestinal metaplasia: clinical implications". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105 (3): 493–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.728. PMC 2895407. PMID 20203636. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895407/?tool=pubmed.
  5. ↑ Sakitani, K.; Hirata, Y.; Watabe, H.; Yamada, A.; Sugimoto, T.; Yamaji, Y.; Yoshida, H.; Maeda, S. et al. (Oct 2011). "Gastric cancer risk according to the distribution of intestinal metaplasia and neutrophil infiltration.". J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26 (10): 1570-5. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06767.x. PMID 21575058.
  6. ↑ URL: http://esynopsis.uchc.edu/eAtlas/GI/1280.htm. Accessed on: 16 August 2010.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rubio, CA.; Befrits, R. (2009). "Increased lysozyme expression in gastric biopsies with intestinal metaplasia and pseudopyloric metaplasia.". Int J Clin Exp Med 2 (3): 248-53. PMID 19918317.
  8. ↑ Rugge, M.; Correa, P.; Dixon, MF.; Hattori, T.; Leandro, G.; Lewin, K.; Riddell, RH.; Sipponen, P. et al. (Feb 2000). "Gastric dysplasia: the Padova international classification.". Am J Surg Pathol 24 (2): 167-76. PMID 10680883.
  9. ↑ Stemmermann, GN.; Hayashi, T. (Sep 1968). "Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa: a gross and microscopic study of its distribution in various disease states.". J Natl Cancer Inst 41 (3): 627-34. PMID 4175677.
  10. ↑ Rivera-Hueto, F.; Lag-Asturiano, E.; Utrilla-Alcolea, JC.; Herrerías-Gutiérrez, JM. (Feb 2004). "Advanced gastric carcinoma with a complete intestinal metaplasia phenotype associated with early intestinal-type carcinoma.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 128 (2): 218-21. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128218:AGCWAC2.0.CO;2. PMID 14736279.
  11. ↑ Iida, F.; Kusama, J. (Dec 1982). "Gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia. Significance of types of intestinal metaplasia upon development of gastric carcinoma.". Cancer 50 (12): 2854-8. PMID 7139576.
  12. ↑ Odze, Robert D.; Goldblum, John R. (2009). Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas (2nd ed.). Saunders. pp. 276. ISBN 978-1416040590.
  13. ↑ Satoh, K.; Mutoh, H.; Eda, A.; Yanaka, I.; Osawa, H.; Honda, S.; Kawata, H.; Kihira, K. et al. (Jun 2002). "Aberrant expression of CDX2 in the gastric mucosa with and without intestinal metaplasia: effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori.". Helicobacter 7 (3): 192-8. PMID 12047325.
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