Difference between revisions of "Cholelithiasis"

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#redirect [[Gallbladder#Cholelithiasis]]
'''Cholelithiasis''' is the presence of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder].
 
==General==
*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.
*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bouwense | first1 = SA. | last2 = Besselink | first2 = MG. | last3 = van Brunschot | first3 = S. | last4 = Bakker | first4 = OJ. | last5 = van Santvoort | first5 = HC. | last6 = Schepers | first6 = NJ. | last7 = Boermeester | first7 = MA. | last8 = Bollen | first8 = TL. | last9 = Bosscha | first9 = K. | title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. | journal = Trials | volume = 13 | issue =  | pages = 225 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 | PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal  | last1 = van Baal | first1 = MC. | last2 = Besselink | first2 = MG. | last3 = Bakker | first3 = OJ. | last4 = van Santvoort | first4 = HC. | last5 = Schaapherder | first5 = AF. | last6 = Nieuwenhuijs | first6 = VB. | last7 = Gooszen | first7 = HG. | last8 = van Ramshorst | first8 = B. | last9 = Boerma | first9 = D. | title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. | journal = Ann Surg | volume = 255 | issue = 5 | pages = 860-6 | month = May | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 | PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>
*Gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi Syndrome''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Khalid | first1 = S. | last2 = Bhatti | first2 = AA. | title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. | journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 621-4 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>
**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Elhanafy | first1 = E. | last2 = Atef | first2 = E. | last3 = El Nakeeb | first3 = A. | last4 = Hamdy | first4 = E. | last5 = Elhemaly | first5 = M. | last6 = Sultan | first6 = AM. | title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. | journal = Hepatogastroenterology | volume = 61 | issue = 133 | pages = 1182-6 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>
 
The two types of gallstones:
*Cholesterol stones.
*Pigment stones.
 
Note:
*Most stones technically speaking are a mix, i.e. cholesterol and pigment.  Many call yellow stones that are a mix "cholesterol stones".
 
===Epidemiology===
Classic risk factors for gallstones - 4 Fs:<ref name=pmid18540184>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Szwed | first1 = Z. | last2 = Zyciński | first2 = P. | title = [4F's--still up to date risk factors of cholelithiasis]. | journal = Wiad Lek | volume = 60 | issue = 11-12 | pages = 570-3 | month =  | year = 2007 | doi =  | PMID = 18540184 }}</ref>
*'''F'''emale.
*'''F'''at.
*'''F'''orty.
*'''F'''ertile.
 
Additional:
*Family history.
 
===Cholesterol stones===
*More common than pigment stone.
 
Appearance:
*Clear or yellow.
*Opaque or translucent.
*Sometimes shinny.
 
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Gallensteine_2006_03_28.JPG | Yellow gallstones. (WC)
</gallery>
===Pigment stones===
*Due to high [[RBC]] turnover, e.g. [[sickle cell disease]], thalassemia.
*Radio-opaque.<ref>URL: [http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20%28General%20Monographs-%20U%29/URSOFALK.html http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20%28General%20Monographs-%20U%29/URSOFALK.html]. Accessed on: 29 October 2011.</ref>
 
Appearance:
*Black - '''key feature'''.
*Dull.
 
==Microscopic==
*Not routinely done on gallstones.
 
==Sign out==
<pre>
GALLBLADDER CHOLECYSTECTOMY:
- CHOLELITHIASIS.
- MILD CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS.
</pre>
 
==See also==
*[[Gallbladder]].
*[[Kidney stones]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Gallbladder]]

Revision as of 21:38, 18 August 2015

Cholelithiasis is the presence of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder].

General

  • Often accompanies cholecystitis/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.
  • The gallbladder is removed following biliary pancreatitis (gallstone pancreatitis) to reduce recurrence risk.[1][2]
  • Gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as Mirizzi Syndrome.[3]
    • Can be associated with jaundice.[4]

The two types of gallstones:

  • Cholesterol stones.
  • Pigment stones.

Note:

  • Most stones technically speaking are a mix, i.e. cholesterol and pigment. Many call yellow stones that are a mix "cholesterol stones".

Epidemiology

Classic risk factors for gallstones - 4 Fs:[5]

  • Female.
  • Fat.
  • Forty.
  • Fertile.

Additional:

  • Family history.

Cholesterol stones

  • More common than pigment stone.

Appearance:

  • Clear or yellow.
  • Opaque or translucent.
  • Sometimes shinny.

Image

  • Yellow gallstones. (WC)

Pigment stones

Appearance:

  • Black - key feature.
  • Dull.

Microscopic

  • Not routinely done on gallstones.

Sign out

GALLBLADDER CHOLECYSTECTOMY:
- CHOLELITHIASIS.
- MILD CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bouwense, SA.; Besselink, MG.; van Brunschot, S.; Bakker, OJ.; van Santvoort, HC.; Schepers, NJ.; Boermeester, MA.; Bollen, TL. et al. (2012). "Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.". Trials 13: 225. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-225. PMID 23181667.
  2. ↑ van Baal, MC.; Besselink, MG.; Bakker, OJ.; van Santvoort, HC.; Schaapherder, AF.; Nieuwenhuijs, VB.; Gooszen, HG.; van Ramshorst, B. et al. (May 2012). "Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review.". Ann Surg 255 (5): 860-6. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646. PMID 22470079.
  3. ↑ Khalid, S.; Bhatti, AA.. "Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding.". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 26 (4): 621-4. PMID 25672201.
  4. ↑ Elhanafy, E.; Atef, E.; El Nakeeb, A.; Hamdy, E.; Elhemaly, M.; Sultan, AM.. "Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge.". Hepatogastroenterology 61 (133): 1182-6. PMID 25513064.
  5. ↑ Szwed, Z.; Zyciński, P. (2007). "[4F's--still up to date risk factors of cholelithiasis].". Wiad Lek 60 (11-12): 570-3. PMID 18540184.
  6. ↑ URL: http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20%28General%20Monographs-%20U%29/URSOFALK.html. Accessed on: 29 October 2011.
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