Difference between revisions of "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"

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===Images===
===Images===
<gallery>
File:PML-HE_brain_biopsy.jpg | Oligodendrocytes with nuclear enlargement and glassy magenta chromatin (WC/jensflorian)
File:PML-SV40.jpg | Same case with SV40-positive immunoreactivity (WC/jensflorian)
</gallery>
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case120/micro.html PML - case 1 (upmc.edu)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case120/micro.html PML - case 1 (upmc.edu)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case120/dx.html PML - case 1 (upmc.edu)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case120/dx.html PML - case 1 (upmc.edu)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336/images/fig03.jpg Crutzfeldt cell - case 2 (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336.html]. Accessed on: 15 January 2012.</ref>
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336/images/fig03.jpg Creutzfeldt cell - case 2 (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336.html]. Accessed on: 15 January 2012.</ref>
*[http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Figures/PMLHandE.jpg PML oligodendrocyte (ucsf.edu)].<ref name=uscf_pml>URL: [http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Didactic/Pml.htm http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Didactic/Pml.htm]. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.</ref>  
*[http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Figures/PMLHandE.jpg PML oligodendrocyte (ucsf.edu)].<ref name=uscf_pml>URL: [http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Didactic/Pml.htm http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Didactic/Pml.htm]. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.</ref>  
*[http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/NP/3923/RA4831F2.jpeg PML oligodendrocyte (psychiatryonline.org)].<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Hurley | first1 = RA. | last2 = Ernst | first2 = T. | last3 = Khalili | first3 = K. | last4 = Del Valle | first4 = L. | last5 = Simone | first5 = IL. | last6 = Taber | first6 = KH. | title = Identification of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. | journal = J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-6 | month =  | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 12556565 }}</ref>
*[http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/NP/3923/RA4831F2.jpeg PML oligodendrocyte (psychiatryonline.org)].<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Hurley | first1 = RA. | last2 = Ernst | first2 = T. | last3 = Khalili | first3 = K. | last4 = Del Valle | first4 = L. | last5 = Simone | first5 = IL. | last6 = Taber | first6 = KH. | title = Identification of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. | journal = J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-6 | month =  | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 12556565 }}</ref>

Revision as of 07:58, 15 July 2015

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, abbreviated PML, is a rare neuropathology caused by a polyomavirus.

General

  • Caused by JC virus (a type of polyomavirus[1]) in the context of immunodeficiency; usu. in the setting of HIV infection.[2]
    • Approximately 5% of HIV patients develop PML.[2]
    • Virus destroys oligodendrocytes -> demyelination results.[3]
  • Suspected cases are biopsied - unlike other demyelinating diseases.[4]

Gross

  • Multifocal - as the name suggests.

DDx:

Microscopic

Features:[5]

  • Perivascular inflammatory cells.
  • Foamy histiocytes.
  • Abnormal appearing glial cells:[6]
    • Reactive astrocytes.
    • Oligodendrocytes with nuclear enlargement and glassy magenta chromatin - key feature.
    • Atypical mitoses - known as Creutzfeldt cell.

Note:

Images

  • Oligodendrocytes with nuclear enlargement and glassy magenta chromatin (WC/jensflorian)

  • Same case with SV40-positive immunoreactivity (WC/jensflorian)

IHC

See also

References

  1. ↑ Berger, JR. (Jun 2011). "The basis for modeling progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy pathogenesis.". Curr Opin Neurol 24 (3): 262-7. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328346d2a3. PMID 21499097.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Berger, JR. (2003). "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: explaining the high incidence and disproportionate frequency of the illness relative to other immunosuppressive conditions.". J Neurovirol 9 Suppl 1: 38-41. doi:10.1080/13550280390195261. PMID 12709870.
  3. ↑ Mateen, FJ.; Muralidharan, R.; Carone, M.; van de Beek, D.; Harrison, DM.; Aksamit, AJ.; Gould, MS.; Clifford, DB. et al. (Aug 2011). "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients.". Ann Neurol 70 (2): 305-22. doi:10.1002/ana.22408. PMID 21823157.
  4. ↑ URL: http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336/dx.html. Accessed on: 15 January 2012.
  5. ↑ URL: http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case120/dx.html. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 URL: http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_Demyelination/Didactic/Pml.htm. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.
  7. ↑ URL: http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case336.html. Accessed on: 15 January 2012.
  8. ↑ Hurley, RA.; Ernst, T.; Khalili, K.; Del Valle, L.; Simone, IL.; Taber, KH. (2003). "Identification of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 15 (1): 1-6. PMID 12556565.
  9. ↑ Muñoz-Mármol, AM.; Mola, G.; Fernández-Vasalo, A.; Vela, E.; Mate, JL.; Ariza, A. (Nov 2004). "JC virus early protein detection by immunohistochemistry in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a comparative study with in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.". J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63 (11): 1124-30. PMID 15581180.
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