Difference between revisions of "Emphysema"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
*Usually due to [[smoking]]. | *Usually due to [[smoking]]. | ||
*Often lumped together with ''[[chronic bronchitis]]'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_386>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref> | *Often lumped together with ''[[chronic bronchitis]]'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_386>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref> | ||
*May cause [[pneumothorax]] - especially in young adults.<ref>{{Ref | *May cause [[pneumothorax]] - especially in young adults.<ref>{{Ref PPP|296}}</ref> | ||
Causes of emphysema other than smoking:<ref name=pmid12546267>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = P. | last2 = Gildea | first2 = TR. | last3 = Stoller | first3 = JK. | title = Emphysema in nonsmokers: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and other causes. | journal = Cleve Clin J Med | volume = 69 | issue = 12 | pages = 928-9, 933, 936 passim | month = Dec | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12546267 | URL = http://www.ccjm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12546267 }}</ref> | Causes of emphysema other than smoking:<ref name=pmid12546267>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = P. | last2 = Gildea | first2 = TR. | last3 = Stoller | first3 = JK. | title = Emphysema in nonsmokers: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and other causes. | journal = Cleve Clin J Med | volume = 69 | issue = 12 | pages = 928-9, 933, 936 passim | month = Dec | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12546267 | URL = http://www.ccjm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12546267 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:10, 14 April 2014
| Emphysema | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Emphysematous changes. H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | alveoli too large, thin septa (no interstitial thickening) |
| Subtypes | centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema, panacinar (panlobular) emphysema, distal (paraseptal) acinar emphysema, irregular emphysema |
| Gross | usually upper lobe predominant - blebs, bullae |
| Site | lung |
|
| |
| Associated Dx | +/-pneumothorax |
| Syndromes | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, others |
|
| |
| Clinical history | +/-smoking |
| Signs | barrel chest |
| Symptoms | shortness of breath |
| Prevalence | common |
| Radiology | hyperinflation |
| Prognosis | dependent on underlying cause |
| Treatment | stop smoking, bullectomy |
Emphysema is a common medical lung disease strongly associated with smoking.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abbreviated COPD, redirects here.
General
- Usually due to smoking.
- Often lumped together with chronic bronchitis and called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[1]
- May cause pneumothorax - especially in young adults.[2]
Causes of emphysema other than smoking:[3]
Pathologic classification
Based on morphology:[4]
- Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema - associated with heavy smoking.
- Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema - associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
- Distal (paraseptal) acinar emphysema - associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.
- Irregular emphysema - usu. insignificant.
- Q. Why does smoking lead to centriacinar emphysema?
- A. The bad stuff from smoking gets enters the acinus at the centre; ergo, this is the location of the most damage.
Gross
- Holes (blebs, bullae), usually upper lung field predominant.
- Lungs may overlap the heart.[5]
Notes:
Microscopic
Features:[5]
- Large alveoli.
- Thin septa (no interstitial thickening).
Images
Emphysema. (WC)
See also
References
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 368. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (2004). Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 296. ISBN 978-0443066313.
- ↑ Lee, P.; Gildea, TR.; Stoller, JK. (Dec 2002). "Emphysema in nonsmokers: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and other causes.". Cleve Clin J Med 69 (12): 928-9, 933, 936 passim. PMID 12546267.
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 368. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 369. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ URL: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.
- ↑ URL: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.