Urothelium - Revision history

Michael: /* Cystitis */

2016-11-02T21:35:46Z

Cystitis

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 2 November 2016
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	Note:		Note:
	*So called "[[giant cell cystitis]]'' is dealt with separately; it is a benign change that may or may not be associated with inflammation.<ref name=Ref_Amin2_6>{{Ref Amin\|2:6}}</ref>		*So called "[[giant cell cystitis]]" is dealt with separately; it is a benign non-pathologic change that may or may not be associated with inflammation.<ref name=Ref_Amin2_6>{{Ref Amin\|2:6}}</ref>

	===The big table of cystitis===		===The big table of cystitis===

Michael: /* Cystitis */

2016-11-02T21:35:29Z

Cystitis

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 2 November 2016
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	*Comes in many forms (see below).		*Comes in many forms (see below).
	*Typically a [[clinical diagnosis]] under the more general term [[urinary tract infection]].		*Typically a [[clinical diagnosis]] under the more general term [[urinary tract infection]].

			Note:
			*So called "[[giant cell cystitis]]'' is dealt with separately; it is a benign change that may or may not be associated with inflammation.<ref name=Ref_Amin2_6>{{Ref Amin\|2:6}}</ref>

	===The big table of cystitis===		===The big table of cystitis===

Michael: /* Cystitis glandularis */

2016-06-03T10:45:22Z

Cystitis glandularis

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 3 June 2016
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	==Cystitis glandularis==		==Cystitis glandularis==
	{{Main\|~~cystitis~~ glandularis}}		{{Main\|Cystitis glandularis}}

	==Malakoplakia==		==Malakoplakia==

Michael: /* Cystitis glandularis */ split out

2016-06-03T10:45:11Z

Cystitis glandularis: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 3 June 2016
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	==Cystitis glandularis==		==Cystitis glandularis==
	{{ ~~Infobox external links~~		{{Main\|cystitis glandularis}}
	\| ~~Name = Cystitis cystica et glandularis~~
	~~\| EHVSC = 10173~~
	~~\| pathprotocols =~~
	~~\| wikipedia =~~
	~~\| pathoutlines =~~
	}}
	~~:''Cystitis cystica et glandularis'' redirects to here.~~
	~~:''Pyelitis cystica et glandularis'' redirects to here.~~
	~~===General===~~
	*Benign.<ref name=pmid25202387>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Yi \| first1 = X. \| last2 = Lu \| first2 = H. \| last3 = Wu \| first3 = Y. \| last4 = Shen \| first4 = Y. \| last5 = Meng \| first5 = Q. \| last6 = Cheng \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Tang \| first7 = Y. \| last8 = Wu \| first8 = F. \| last9 = Ou \| first9 = R. \| title = Cystitis glandularis: A controversial premalignant lesion. \| journal = Oncol Lett \| volume = 8 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 1662-1664 \| month = Oct \| year = 2014 \| doi = 10.3892/ol.2014.2360 \| PMID = 25202387 }}</ref>
	*Can be thought of as [[cystitis ~~cystica]] with mucin-secreting cells lining the cystic spaces.<ref name=Ref_WMSP304>{{Ref WMSP\|304}}</ref>~~
	*When seen in conjunction with ''cystitis cystica'' it is called ''cystitis cystica et glandularis''.

	~~Note:~~
	*There are case reports of ''urethritis glandularis'' - the same lesion in the [[urethra]].<ref name=pmid11104631>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Chan \| first1 = YM. \| last2 = Ka-Leung Cheng \| first2 = D. \| last3 = Nga-Yin Cheung \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Yuen-Sheung Ngan \| first4 = H. \| last5 = Wong \| first5 = LC. \| title = Female urethral adenocarcinoma arising from urethritis glandularis. \| journal = Gynecol Oncol \| volume = 79 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 511-4 \| month = Dec \| year = 2000 \| doi = 10.1006/gyno.2000.5968 \| PMID = 11104631 }}</ref><ref name=pmid17825180>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Yin \| first1 = G. \| last2 = Liu \| first2 = YQ. \| last3 = Gao \| first3 = P. \| last4 = Wang \| first4 = XH. \| title = Male urethritis glandularis: case report. \| journal = Chin Med J (Engl) \| volume = 120 \| issue = 16 \| pages = 1460-1 \| month = Aug \| year = 2007 \| doi = \| PMID = 17825180 }}</ref>

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1028>{{Ref PBoD\|1028~~}}~~</ref>~~
	*Nests of urothelium within the lamina propria with cyst formation, i.e. lumens are present.
	*Cyst lining cells are cuboidal and/or columnar epithelium.
	**Produce mucin.
	*+/-Goblet cells, i.e. intestinal metaplasia.<ref name=Ref_WMSP304>{{Ref WMSP\|304}}</ref>

	~~Note:~~
	*Nests should '''not''' extend into the muscularis propria.

	~~====Images====~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- very low mag.jpg \| CCG - very low mag.~~
	~~Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- low mag.jpg \| CCG - low mag.~~
	~~Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis - alt -- intermed mag.jpg \| CCG - intermed mag.~~
	~~Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- high mag.jpg \| CCG - high mag.~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~www:~~
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=2&Case=50 Cystitis glandularis (webpathology.com)].
	*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684385/figure/F0002/ Cystitis cystica et glandularis (nih.gov)].

	~~===Sign out===~~
	~~<pre>~~
	~~URINARY BLADDER NECK, BIOPSY:~~
	~~- CYSTITIS CYSTICA ET GLANDULARIS.~~
	~~- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.~~
	~~</pre>~~

	~~====Micro====~~
	The sections show urothelial mucosa with bland nests within the lamina propria with cyst formation. The stroma is edematous and has a mixed inflammatory infiltrate consisting of plasma cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.

	==Malakoplakia==		==Malakoplakia==

Michael: /* Interstitial cystitis */ split out

2016-04-18T13:51:34Z

Interstitial cystitis: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 18 April 2016
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	==Interstitial cystitis==		==Interstitial cystitis==
	*[[AKA]] ''painful bladder syndrome''.<ref name=pmid21609485>{{~~Cite journal~~ \| last1 = Tanaka \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Nitta \| first2 = Y. \| last3 = Morimoto \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Nishikawa \| first4 = N. \| last5 = Nishihara \| first5 = C. \| last6 = Tamada \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Kawashima \| first7 = H. \| last8 = Nakatani \| first8 = T. \| title = Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis resistant to conventional treatments: long-term results of a case series in Japan. \| journal = BMC Urol \| volume = 11 \| issue = \| pages = 11 \| month = \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1186/1471-2490-11-11 \| PMID = 21609485 }}</ref><ref name=pmid21568251>{{Cite journal \| last1 = French \| first1 = LM. \| last2 = Bhambore \| first2 = N. \| title = Interstitial cystitis~~/painful bladder syndrome. \| journal = Am Fam Physician \| volume = 83 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1175-81 \| month = May \| year = 2011 \| doi = \| PMID = 21568251 }}</ref>~~		{{Main\|Interstitial cystitis}}
	~~===General===~~
	*Chronic cystitis, culture negative.
	*Treatment difficult.<ref name=pmid21609485/>

	~~Epidemiology:<ref name=pmid21568251/>~~
	*Women > men.

	~~Symptoms:<ref name=pmid21568251/>~~
	*Urgency.
	*Frequency.
	*Pain.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:<ref name=Ref_GUP124>{{Ref GUP\|124~~}}~~</ref>~~
	*+/-Ulceration (uncommon).

	~~Note:~~
	*[[Diagnosis]] requires clinical correlation.

	~~DDx:~~
	*Urothelial CIS.

	==Follicular cystitis==		==Follicular cystitis==

Michael: /* Benign urothelial lesions */

2015-07-22T23:28:28Z

Benign urothelial lesions

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:28, 22 July 2015
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	*Typically a [[clinical diagnosis]] under the more general term [[urinary tract infection]].		*Typically a [[clinical diagnosis]] under the more general term [[urinary tract infection]].

	The big table of cystitis:		===The big table of cystitis===
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	! Type		! Type

Michael: /* Benign urothelial lesions */

2015-07-22T23:27:53Z

Benign urothelial lesions

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 22 July 2015
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	=Benign urothelial lesions=		=Benign urothelial lesions=
			===Cystitis===
			*Inflammation of the [[urinary bladder]].
			*Comes in many forms (see below).
			*Typically a [[clinical diagnosis]] under the more general term [[urinary tract infection]].

	The big table of cystitis:		The big table of cystitis:
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"

Michael: /* Cystitis glandularis */ +images

2015-05-02T04:47:42Z

Cystitis glandularis: +images

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:47, 2 May 2015
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	*Nests should '''not''' extend into the muscularis propria.		*Nests should '''not''' extend into the muscularis propria.

	Image:		====Images====
			<gallery>
			Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- very low mag.jpg \| CCG - very low mag.
			Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- low mag.jpg \| CCG - low mag.
			Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis - alt -- intermed mag.jpg \| CCG - intermed mag.
			Image: Cystitis cystica et glandularis -- high mag.jpg \| CCG - high mag.
			</gallery>
			www:
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=2&Case=50 Cystitis glandularis (webpathology.com)].		*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=2&Case=50 Cystitis glandularis (webpathology.com)].
	*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684385/figure/F0002/ Cystitis cystica et glandularis (nih.gov)].		*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684385/figure/F0002/ Cystitis cystica et glandularis (nih.gov)].

Michael: /* Urothelial papilloma */ split out

2015-04-25T04:12:15Z

Urothelial papilloma: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:12, 25 April 2015
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	==Urothelial papilloma==		==Urothelial papilloma==
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Urothelial papilloma}}
	*Very rare diagnosed.
	**If the person has a history of a low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma... it is a low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma.
	**These cases are a consensus diagnosis, i.e. you show it to a colleague... if they agree you can call it.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP310>~~{{~~Ref WMSP~~\|~~310~~}}~~</ref>~~
	*Papillary fronds.
	*Minimal branching or fusion.
	*Cytological features of normal urothelium.
	**Normal urothelium approx. 2x the size of stromal lymphocytes.<ref name=Ref_GUP161>{{Ref GUP\|161}}</ref>
	*No mitoses.
	*Thickness < 7 cells.{{fact}}

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
	*[[PUNLMP]].

	==Inverted urothelial papilloma==		==Inverted urothelial papilloma==

Michael: /* Urethra in males */

2014-11-14T21:41:11Z

Urethra in males

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 14 November 2014
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=====Urethra in males=====		=====Urethra in males=====
			{{Main\|Urethra}}
	*Pre-prostatic urethra - transitional epithelium.		*Pre-prostatic urethra - transitional epithelium.
	*[[Prostate gland\|Prostatic]] urethra - transitional epithelium.		*[[Prostate gland\|Prostatic]] urethra - transitional epithelium.