Testis - Revision history

Michael: /* IHC for GCTs */

2025-09-09T16:21:21Z

IHC for GCTs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 9 September 2025
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	*CD30 - embryonal carcinoma.		*CD30 - embryonal carcinoma.
	*[[D2-40]] - seminoma.		*[[D2-40]] - seminoma.
			*SALL4 - most [[germ cell tumour]]s.

	===Tabular summary of GCTs===		===Tabular summary of GCTs===

Michael: /* Serum markers of testicular tumours */

2025-09-09T16:20:12Z

Serum markers of testicular tumours

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 9 September 2025
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	===Serum markers of testicular tumours===		===Serum markers of testicular tumours===
	*AFP.		*AFP (alpha-fetoprotein)
	*hCG		*hCG.
	*LDH.		*LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).
	*M371 (microRNA-371a-3p).<ref name=pmid37568759>{{cite journal \|authors=Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP \|title=MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors \|journal=Cancers (Basel) \|volume=15 \|issue=15 \|pages= \|date=August 2023 \|pmid=37568759 \|pmc=10417034 \|doi=10.3390/cancers15153944 \|url=}}</ref>		*M371 (microRNA-371a-3p).<ref name=pmid37568759>{{cite journal \|authors=Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP \|title=MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors \|journal=Cancers (Basel) \|volume=15 \|issue=15 \|pages= \|date=August 2023 \|pmid=37568759 \|pmc=10417034 \|doi=10.3390/cancers15153944 \|url=}}</ref>

Michael: /* Serum markers of testicular tumours */

2025-09-09T16:04:47Z

Serum markers of testicular tumours

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 9 September 2025
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	*hCG		*hCG
	*LDH.		*LDH.
	*M371 (~~miR371~~).<ref name=pmid37568759>{{cite journal \|authors=Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP \|title=MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors \|journal=Cancers (Basel) \|volume=15 \|issue=15 \|pages= \|date=August 2023 \|pmid=37568759 \|pmc=10417034 \|doi=10.3390/cancers15153944 \|url=}}</ref>		*M371 (microRNA-371a-3p).<ref name=pmid37568759>{{cite journal \|authors=Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP \|title=MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors \|journal=Cancers (Basel) \|volume=15 \|issue=15 \|pages= \|date=August 2023 \|pmid=37568759 \|pmc=10417034 \|doi=10.3390/cancers15153944 \|url=}}</ref>

	===IHC for GCTs===		===IHC for GCTs===

Michael: /* IHC for GCTs */

2025-09-09T16:03:26Z

IHC for GCTs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 9 September 2025
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	**[[Leydig cell tumour]].		**[[Leydig cell tumour]].
	**[[Sertoli cell tumour]].		**[[Sertoli cell tumour]].

			===Serum markers of testicular tumours===
			*AFP.
			*hCG
			*LDH.
			*M371 (miR371).<ref name=pmid37568759>{{cite journal \|authors=Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP \|title=MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors \|journal=Cancers (Basel) \|volume=15 \|issue=15 \|pages= \|date=August 2023 \|pmid=37568759 \|pmc=10417034 \|doi=10.3390/cancers15153944 \|url=}}</ref>

	===IHC for GCTs===		===IHC for GCTs===

Michael: /* Normal testis */ re-order

2025-09-09T13:45:13Z

Normal testis: re-order

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 9 September 2025
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	Image:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg \| Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)		Image:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg \| Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~====Associated structures====~~
	~~{{main\|Epididymis}}~~
	*[[Epididymis]] - stores the sperm.
	**Pseudostratified epithelium with [[cilia]].

	~~Image:~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~Image:Epididymis_high_mag.jpg \|[[Micrograph]] of an epididymis. [[H&E stain]].~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	www:		www:
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].		*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].

			====Associated structures====
			====Epididymis====
			{{main\|Epididymis}}
			*[[Epididymis]] - stores the sperm.
			**Pseudostratified epithelium with [[cilia]].

			Image:
			<gallery>
			Image:Epididymis_high_mag.jpg \|[[Micrograph]] of an epididymis. [[H&E stain]].
			</gallery>

	====Appendix of testis====		====Appendix of testis====

Michael: /* Associated structures */

2025-09-09T13:42:51Z

Associated structures

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 9 September 2025
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	</gallery>		</gallery>
	====Associated structures====		====Associated structures====
			{{main\|Epididymis}}
	*[[Epididymis]] - stores the sperm.		*[[Epididymis]] - stores the sperm.
	**Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia.		**Pseudostratified epithelium with [[cilia]].

	Image:		Image:
	*[http:~~//www~~.~~webpathology~~.~~com/image.asp?n=3~~&~~Case=27 Epididymis (webpathology.com)~~].		<gallery>
			Image:Epididymis_high_mag.jpg \|[[Micrograph]] of an epididymis. [[H&E stain]].
			</gallery>

	====Rete testis====		====Rete testis====

Michael: /* Epidermoid cyst of the testis */ create

2021-09-09T19:26:06Z

Epidermoid cyst of the testis: create

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 9 September 2021
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	==Epidermoid cyst of the testis==		==Epidermoid cyst of the testis==
	{{Main\|Epidermoid cyst of the testis}}		{{Main\|Epidermoid cyst of the testis}}

			==Testicular trauma==
			===General===
			*May lead to orchitectomy.

			===Gross===
			*Hemorrhagic.

			===Microscopic===
			Features:
			*Necrotic seminiferous tubules.
			*Intratubular blood in keeping with hemorrhage.

			Note:
			*Normal spermatogenesis in background - if viable tissue present.

			===Sign out===
			<pre>
			Right Testicle Tissue, Debridement:
			- Hemorrhagic testicular tissue and necrotic seminiferous tubules.
			- Small amount of viable seminiferous tubules with spermatogenesis.
			- NEGATIVE for germ cell neoplasia in situ.
			- NEGATIVE for malignancy.

			Comment:
			The clinical history of trauma is noted.
			</pre>

	=Premalignant=		=Premalignant=

Michael: /* Hydrocele testis */ split out

2017-06-17T15:36:02Z

Hydrocele testis: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 17 June 2017
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	==Hydrocele testis==		==Hydrocele testis==
	*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.		*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Hydrocele testis}}
	*Benign.
	**May be seen in association with a testicular neoplasm.<ref name=pmid9490992>{{~~Cite journal~~ \| last1 = Junnila \| first1 = J. \| last2 = Lassen \| first2 = P. \| title = Testicular masses. \| journal = Am Fam Physician \| volume = 57 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 685-92 \| month = Feb \| year = 1998 \| doi = \| PMID = 9490992 }}</ref>
	*Common.<ref name=pmid20705202>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Wampler \| first1 = SM. \| last2 = Llanes \| first2 = M. \| title = Common scrotal and testicular problems. \| journal = Prim Care \| volume = 37 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 613-26, x \| month = Sep \| year = 2010 \| doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2010.04.009 \| PMID = 20705202 }}~~</ref>~~

	~~Clinical:~~
	*Scrotal mass.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Cyst lined by a simple ciliated epithelium.
	*Does '''not''' contain sperm.

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Spermatocele]] - contains sperm.

	~~===Sign out===~~
	~~<pre>~~
	~~HYDROCELE SAC, LEFT, EXCISION:~~
	~~- CONSISTENT WITH HYDROCELE SAC.~~
	~~</pre>~~

	~~<pre>~~
	~~SOFT TISSUE ("HYDROCELE SAC"),LEFT, EXCISION:~~
	~~- FIBROADIPOSE TISSUE COVERED BY MESOTHELIUM WITH REACTIVE CHANGES -- CONSISTENT~~
	~~WITH HYDROCELE SAC.~~
	~~- EPIDIDYMIS WITH SPERM (INCIDENTAL FINDING).~~
	~~</pre>~~

	~~====Micro====~~
	~~The sections shows fragments of tissue compatible with a benign cyst, that had a fibrous wall and was lined by a simple epithelium. No spermatocytes are identified.~~

	~~Benign connective tissue (including skeletal muscle, nerves and blood vessels) is also present.~~

	==Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis==		==Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis==

Michael: update the term ITGCN --> GCNIS

2016-03-15T23:21:43Z

update the term ITGCN --> GCNIS

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 15 March 2016
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	Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg \| Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)		Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg \| Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
	Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg \| Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)		Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg \| Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
	Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg \| Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN. (WC/Nephron)		Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg \| Benign seminiferous tubules and GCNIS (ITGCN). (WC/Nephron)
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	====Interstitial====		====Interstitial====
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	! Image		! Image
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[~~Intratubular germ~~ cell neoplasia]] (~~ITGCN~~)		\| [[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (GCNIS)
	\| nests of small fried egg cells		\| nests of small fried egg cells
	\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, round ''or'' polygonal nuclear membrane, [[nucleoli]]<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>		\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, round ''or'' polygonal nuclear membrane, [[nucleoli]]<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>
	\| CD117		\| CD117
	\| appearance similar to seminoma		\| appearance similar to seminoma
	\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|~~ITGCN~~ (WC)]]		\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|GCNIS (WC)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Seminoma]]		\| [[Seminoma]]
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	\| [[Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Teratoma (WC)]]		\| [[Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Teratoma (WC)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Spermatocytic ~~seminoma~~]]		\| [[Spermatocytic tumour]] (previously ''spermatocytic seminoma'')
	\| population of 3 cells		\| population of 3 cells
	\| pop.: (1) small cell with high [[NC ratio]] (mature lymphocyte-like), (2) medium with nucleoli, (3) large cells with filamentous chromatin - few present		\| pop.: (1) small cell with high [[NC ratio]] (mature lymphocyte-like), (2) medium with nucleoli, (3) large cells with filamentous chromatin - few present
	\| ?		\| ?
	\| does not arise from ~~ITGCN~~, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)		\| does not arise from GCNIS, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)
	\| [[Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Spermatocytic ~~seminoma~~ (WC)]]		\| [[Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Spermatocytic tumour (WC)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]		\| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]
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	DDx:		DDx:
	*[[~~ITGCN~~]].		*[[GCNIS]] (ITGCN).
	*[[Seminoma]].		*[[Seminoma]].
	*Tertiary [[syphilis]] - classically, plasma cell rich.<ref name=pmid22343746>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Sekita \| first1 = N. \| last2 = Nishikawa \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Fujimura \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Sugano \| first4 = I. \| last5 = Mikami \| first5 = K. \| title = [Syphilitic orchitis: a case report]. \| journal = Hinyokika Kiyo \| volume = 58 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 53-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2012 \| doi = \| PMID = 22343746 }}</ref>		*Tertiary [[syphilis]] - classically, plasma cell rich.<ref name=pmid22343746>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Sekita \| first1 = N. \| last2 = Nishikawa \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Fujimura \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Sugano \| first4 = I. \| last5 = Mikami \| first5 = K. \| title = [Syphilitic orchitis: a case report]. \| journal = Hinyokika Kiyo \| volume = 58 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 53-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2012 \| doi = \| PMID = 22343746 }}</ref>
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	=Premalignant=		=Premalignant=
	==~~Intratubular germ~~ cell neoplasia==		==Germ cell neoplasia in situ==
	*~~Abbreviated~~ ''ITGCN''.		*Previously ''intratubular germ cell neoplasia'' (abbreviated ''ITGCN'').
	{{Main\|~~Intratubular germ~~ cell neoplasia}}		{{Main\|Germ cell neoplasia in situ}}

	=Germ cell tumours=		=Germ cell tumours=
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	{{Main\|Seminoma}}		{{Main\|Seminoma}}

	==Spermatocytic ~~seminoma~~==		==Spermatocytic tumour==
	{{Main\|Spermatocytic ~~seminoma~~}}		*Previously ''spermatocytic seminoma''.
			{{Main\|Spermatocytic tumour}}

	==Yolk sac tumour==		==Yolk sac tumour==

Michael: /* Other */ +met

2015-09-23T14:52:47Z

Other: +met

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:52, 23 September 2015
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	==Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region==		==Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region==
	{{Main\|Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region}}		{{Main\|Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region}}

			==Testicular metastasis==
			{{Main\|Testicular metastasis}}

	=See also=		=See also=