Pneumonia - Revision history

Michael: /* Aspiration pneumonia */ split out

2017-03-05T15:26:14Z

Aspiration pneumonia: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 5 March 2017
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	*+/-[[Granuloma]]s.		*+/-[[Granuloma]]s.
	==Aspiration pneumonia==		==Aspiration pneumonia==
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Aspiration pneumonia}}
	*Not associated with microorganisms - though empiric antibiotics are relatively common to cover infectious pneumonias that cannot be excluded easily on clinical grounds.<ref name=pmid21263315>{{~~Cite journal~~ \| ~~last1 = Raghavendran \| first1 = K. \| last2 = Nemzek \| first2 = J. \| last3 = Napolitano \| first3 = LM. \| last4 = Knight \| first4 = PR. \| title =~~ Aspiration~~-induced lung injury. \| journal = Crit Care Med \| volume = 39 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 818-26 \| month = Apr \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31820a856b \| PMID = 21263315 }}</ref>~~

	*Usually seen in the context of a toxin and/or pathology that affects the swallowing and cough reflexes.<ref name=pmid16082150>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Ohrui \| first1 = T. \| title = Preventive strategies for aspiration pneumonia ~~in elderly disabled persons. \| journal = Tohoku J Exp Med \| volume = 207 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 3-12 \| month = Sep \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 16082150~~ }}~~</ref>~~

	~~Common associations:<ref name=pmid16082150/>~~
	*[[Stroke]].
	*[[Multiple sclerosis]].
	*[[Alcohol]] intoxication.

	~~Other risk factors:<ref name=pmid21263315/>~~
	*Traumatic brain injury.
	*Seizure disorder.
	*Bowel obstruction.
	*Drugs.
	*[[Obesity]].
	*Labour.

	~~Note:~~
	*A special type of aspiration pneumonia is ''lipoid pneumonia''. It is dealt with in the ''[[lipoid pneumonia]]'' article.

	~~===Gross===~~
	*More common in the right lung.
	**Right main stem bronchus is more vertical.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Neutrophils.
	*Foreign material, e.g. plant matter.
	*+/-Foreign body giant cells.
	*+/-Microorganisms.

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]].

	~~====Images====~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%281%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 1 - (WC)~~
	~~Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%282%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 2 - (WC)~~
	~~Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%283%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 3 - (WC)~~
	~~</gallery>~~

	==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia==		==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia==

Michael: /* Acute infectious pneumonia */

2016-02-13T03:05:58Z

Acute infectious pneumonia

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 13 February 2016
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	==Acute infectious pneumonia==		==Acute infectious pneumonia==
	{{Main\|Acute infectious pneumonia}}		{{Main\|Acute infectious pneumonia}}
	The most common form of pneumonia. ~~Usually~~ diagnosed clinically.		The most common form of pneumonia. It is usually diagnosed clinically.

	==Chronic infectious pneumonia==		==Chronic infectious pneumonia==

Michael: /* Acute infectious pneumonia */

2016-02-13T03:05:35Z

Acute infectious pneumonia

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 13 February 2016
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	==Acute infectious pneumonia==		==Acute infectious pneumonia==
	{{Main\|Acute infectious pneumonia}}		{{Main\|Acute infectious pneumonia}}
			The most common form of pneumonia. Usually diagnosed clinically.

	==Chronic infectious pneumonia==		==Chronic infectious pneumonia==

Michael at 03:00, 13 February 2016

2016-02-13T03:00:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:00, 13 February 2016
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	'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies.		'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

	It is a subset of the [[medical lung diseases]]. This article primarily deals with the infectious pneumonias. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are ~~discussed very briefly~~; they are dealt with in detail in the ''[[diffuse lung diseases]]'' article.		It is a subset of the [[medical lung diseases]]. This article primarily deals with the infectious pneumonias.

			Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are listed at the bottom; they are dealt with in detail in the ''[[diffuse lung diseases]]'' article.

	=Infectious pnemonia=		=Infectious pnemonia=

Michael at 02:53, 13 February 2016

2016-02-13T02:53:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:53, 13 February 2016
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			[[Image:Acute pneumonia - i -- low mag.jpg\|thumb\|Acute pneumonia. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]]
	'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies.		'''Pneumonia''' is inflammation of the lung, which includes infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

Michael: /* Acute infectious pneumonia */ split out

2016-02-13T02:52:31Z

Acute infectious pneumonia: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 13 February 2016
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	==Acute infectious pneumonia==		==Acute infectious pneumonia==
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Acute infectious pneumonia}}
	*This is seen by pathologists, in [[autopsy]], from time-to-time.

	~~Most common cause:~~
	*''Streptococcus pneumoniae''.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{~~Ref PBoD8~~\|~~711}}</ref>~~

	The top three community acquired (acute) pneumonia:<ref name=pmid12239229>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nicolau \| first1 = D. \| title = Clinical and economic implications of antimicrobial resistance for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. \| journal = J Antimicrob Chemother \| volume = 50 Suppl S1 \| issue = \| pages = 61-70 \| month = Sep \| year = 2002 \| doi = \| PMID = 12239229 }}</ref>
	*''Streptococcuc pneumonia''.
	*''Haemophilus influenzae''.
	*''Moraxella catarrhalis''.

	~~Other community acquired~~ pneumonia~~:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8\|711~~}}~~</ref>~~
	*S. aureus.
	*Legionaella pneumophila.
	*Klebsiella pneumoniae.
	*[[Pseudomonas]].

	~~Hospital-acquired pneumonia:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8\|711}}</ref>~~
	*Gram-negative rods.
	*''Staphylococcus aureus''.

	~~===Radiologic correlate===~~
	*Air space disease.

	~~===Gross pathology===~~
	*Consolidation (the lung parenchyma is firm) - best appreciated by running a finger over the cut surface of the lung with a small-to-moderate amount of pressure.

	~~Bronchopneumonia:~~
	*Classically yellow-white centered on the bronchi.<ref>{{Ref AoGP\|93}}</ref>

	Lobar pneumnia is classically described in four stages:<ref>{{Ref AoGP\|92}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.histopathology-india.net/Lobar_Pneumonia.htm http://www.histopathology-india.net/Lobar_Pneumonia.htm]. Accessed on: 27 February 2012.</ref>
	~~#Congestion - day 1-2.~~
	~~#Red hepatization - day 2-4.~~
	~~#Gray hepatization - day 4-6.~~
	~~#Resolution - day 6+.~~

	~~Note:~~
	*The stages of lobar pneumonia is considered more-or-less historical. In the age of antibiotics, lobar pneumonia is uncommon.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Alveoli packed with [[PMN]]s.
	*+/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods.
	*+/-Abscess formation.
	**Lung abscess = destruction of parenchyma + [[PMN]]s.<ref name=Ref_AoGP95>{{Ref AoGP\|95}}</ref>

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Aspiration pneumonia]] - aspirated material, usually lack microorganisms.

	~~Image:~~
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pneumonia_alveolus.jpg Normal alveoli & pneumonia (WC)].

	~~===Stains===~~
	*Gram stain -- to type the bacteria.

	==Chronic infectious pneumonia==		==Chronic infectious pneumonia==

Michael: /* Microscopic */

2014-04-03T01:05:15Z

Microscopic

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 3 April 2014
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	*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]].		*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]].

	Images:		====Images====
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aspiration_pneumonia_%281%29.jpg Aspiration pneumonia - 1 - (WC)].		<gallery>
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aspiration_pneumonia_%282%29.jpg Aspiration pneumonia - 2 - (WC)].		Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%281%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 1 - (WC)
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aspiration_pneumonia_%283%29.jpg Aspiration pneumonia - 3 - (WC)].		Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%282%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 2 - (WC)
			Image:Aspiration_pneumonia_%283%29.jpg \| Aspiration pneumonia - 3 - (WC)
			</gallery>

	==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia==		==Cytomegalovirus pneumonia==

Michael: /* Acute infectious pneumonia */

2014-01-30T17:19:25Z

Acute infectious pneumonia

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 30 January 2014
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	*Legionaella pneumophila.		*Legionaella pneumophila.
	*Klebsiella pneumoniae.		*Klebsiella pneumoniae.
	*Pseudomonas.		*[[Pseudomonas]].

	Hospital-acquired pneumonia:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8\|711}}</ref>		Hospital-acquired pneumonia:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8\|711}}</ref>

Michael: /* Microscopic */

2013-05-06T13:03:28Z

Microscopic

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 6 May 2013
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	*+/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods.		*+/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods.
	*+/-Abscess formation.		*+/-Abscess formation.
	**Lung abscess = destruction of parenchyma + ~~PMNs~~.<ref name=Ref_AoGP95>{{Ref AoGP\|95}}</ref>		**Lung abscess = destruction of parenchyma + [[PMN]]s.<ref name=Ref_AoGP95>{{Ref AoGP\|95}}</ref>

			DDx:
			*[[Aspiration pneumonia]] - aspirated material, usually lack microorganisms.

	Image:		Image:

Michael: /* Aspiration pneumonia */

2013-05-06T13:02:28Z

Aspiration pneumonia

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 6 May 2013
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	*+/-Foreign body giant cells.		*+/-Foreign body giant cells.
	*+/-Microorganisms.		*+/-Microorganisms.

			DDx:
			*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]].

	Images:		Images: