Pilocytic astrocytoma - Revision history

Jensflorian: /* IHC */ update

2017-04-10T07:50:20Z

IHC: update

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	*KI-67: may be "high" (~20% ???).		*KI-67: may be "high" (~20% ???).
	*Olig 2: Usually strongly present.<ref name=pmid21193945>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Otero \| first1 = JJ. \| last2 = Rowitch \| first2 = D. \| last3 = Vandenberg \| first3 = S. \| title = OLIG2 is differentially expressed in pediatric astrocytic and in ependymal neoplasms. \| journal = J Neurooncol \| volume = 104 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 423-38 \| month = Sep \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1007/s11060-010-0509-x \| PMID = 21193945 }}</ref>		*Olig 2: Usually strongly present.<ref name=pmid21193945>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Otero \| first1 = JJ. \| last2 = Rowitch \| first2 = D. \| last3 = Vandenberg \| first3 = S. \| title = OLIG2 is differentially expressed in pediatric astrocytic and in ependymal neoplasms. \| journal = J Neurooncol \| volume = 104 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 423-38 \| month = Sep \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1007/s11060-010-0509-x \| PMID = 21193945 }}</ref>
			*[[IDH1]] (R132H) -ve.
			*[[H3F3A]] (K27M) -ve.

	==Molecular==		==Molecular==

Jensflorian: /* See also */ +Prognosis

2017-04-10T07:43:34Z

See also: +Prognosis

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	*Up to 15% of all [[NF1]] patients develop a PA ("optic glioma" as predilection).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Friedrich \| first1 = RE. \| last2 = Nuding \| first2 = MA. \| title = Optic Pathway Glioma and Cerebral Focal Abnormal Signal Intensity in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Characteristics, Treatment Choices and Follow-up in 134 Affected Individuals and a Brief Review of the Literature. \| journal = Anticancer Res \| volume = 36 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 4095-121 \| month = Aug \| year = 2016 \| doi = \| PMID = 27466519 }}</ref>		*Up to 15% of all [[NF1]] patients develop a PA ("optic glioma" as predilection).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Friedrich \| first1 = RE. \| last2 = Nuding \| first2 = MA. \| title = Optic Pathway Glioma and Cerebral Focal Abnormal Signal Intensity in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Characteristics, Treatment Choices and Follow-up in 134 Affected Individuals and a Brief Review of the Literature. \| journal = Anticancer Res \| volume = 36 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 4095-121 \| month = Aug \| year = 2016 \| doi = \| PMID = 27466519 }}</ref>
	*Rare reports of PA in Noonan-Syndrome (PTPN11 mutation).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref>		*Rare reports of PA in Noonan-Syndrome (PTPN11 mutation).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref>

			==Prognosis==
			*Excellent (10-year OS: 90%)
			*In thalamic/chiasmatic region not so good (incomplete resection, often [[Pilomyxoid astrocytoma]]).
			*Primary treatment: surgery. Incomplete resection: RT has to be considered.
			**Chx is given in rare cases that are still progredient<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Metts \| first1 = RD. \| last2 = Bartynski \| first2 = W. \| last3 = Welsh \| first3 = CT. \| last4 = Kinsman \| first4 = S. \| last5 = Bredlau \| first5 = AL. \| title = Bevacizumab Therapy for Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma. \| journal = J Pediatr Hematol Oncol \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Mar \| year = 2017 \| doi = 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000824 \| PMID = 28338567 }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Jensflorian: /* Gross */ update

2017-04-10T07:37:35Z

Gross: update

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:37, 10 April 2017
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	==Gross==		==Gross==
	Features:<ref name=Ref_PSNP82>{{Ref PSNP\|82}}</ref>		Features:<ref name=Ref_PSNP82>{{Ref PSNP\|82}}</ref>
	*Usually well-circumscribed.		*Usually well-circumscribed, soft.
	*~~Often~~ cystic with mural nodule.		*Can be cystic with mural nodule.
			*Optic gliomas may present as fusiform mass.
			*Occ. calcium deposits and hemosiderin.

	==Microscopic==		==Microscopic==

Jensflorian: /* General */ +radiology

2017-04-10T07:35:25Z

General: +radiology

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 10 April 2017
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	*Classically in the cerebellum in children; most common glioma in children.<ref name=Ref_PSNP82>{{Ref PSNP\|82}}</ref>		*Classically in the cerebellum in children; most common glioma in children.<ref name=Ref_PSNP82>{{Ref PSNP\|82}}</ref>
	*The ''optic glioma'' is associated with neurofibromatosis 1.		*The ''optic glioma'' is associated with neurofibromatosis 1.
	*~~Usually enhances after~~ CM ~~application~~		*Rare variants include [[Pilomyxoid astrocytoma]] and [[Anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma]].

			==Imaging==
			*Well-defined, T2-hyperintense.
			*Strong CM enhancement.
			*May contain cysts.
			*Associated with midline structures.

	==Gross==		==Gross==

Jensflorian: /* Molecular */ update

2017-04-10T07:30:59Z

Molecular: update

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 10 April 2017
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	==Molecular==		==Molecular==
	* ~~Alteration usually~~ associated with the MAPK pathway.		* Almost all alteration associated with the MAPK pathway.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Collins \| first1 = VP. \| last2 = Jones \| first2 = DT. \| last3 = Giannini \| first3 = C. \| title = Pilocytic astrocytoma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = 129 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 775-88 \| month = Jun \| year = 2015 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-015-1410-7 \| PMID = 25792358 }}</ref>
	* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA.		* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA (up to 2/3 of all cases).
			**DDx: Fusion reported in rare Diffuse Leptomeingeal Glioneuronal Tumors and Oligodendroglioma.
	* Rarely BRAF, KRAS or FGFR1 mutations, NTRK2, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cin \| first1 = H. \| last2 = Meyer \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Herr \| first3 = R. \| last4 = Janzarik \| first4 = WG. \| last5 = Lambert \| first5 = S. \| last6 = Jones \| first6 = DT. \| last7 = Jacob \| first7 = K. \| last8 = Benner \| first8 = A. \| last9 = Witt \| first9 = H. \| title = Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = 121 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 763-74 \| month = Jun \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-011-0817-z \| PMID = 21424530 }}</ref>		* Rarely BRAF, KRAS or FGFR1 mutations, NTRK2, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cin \| first1 = H. \| last2 = Meyer \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Herr \| first3 = R. \| last4 = Janzarik \| first4 = WG. \| last5 = Lambert \| first5 = S. \| last6 = Jones \| first6 = DT. \| last7 = Jacob \| first7 = K. \| last8 = Benner \| first8 = A. \| last9 = Witt \| first9 = H. \| title = Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = 121 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 763-74 \| month = Jun \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-011-0817-z \| PMID = 21424530 }}</ref>
			*Up to 15% of all [[NF1]] patients develop a PA ("optic glioma" as predilection).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Friedrich \| first1 = RE. \| last2 = Nuding \| first2 = MA. \| title = Optic Pathway Glioma and Cerebral Focal Abnormal Signal Intensity in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Characteristics, Treatment Choices and Follow-up in 134 Affected Individuals and a Brief Review of the Literature. \| journal = Anticancer Res \| volume = 36 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 4095-121 \| month = Aug \| year = 2016 \| doi = \| PMID = 27466519 }}</ref>
			*Rare reports of PA in Noonan-Syndrome (PTPN11 mutation).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Jensflorian: /* Molecular */ js

2015-07-10T12:57:05Z

Molecular: js

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 10 July 2015
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	* Alteration usually associated with the MAPK pathway.		* Alteration usually associated with the MAPK pathway.
	* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA.		* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA.
	* Rarely BRAF mutations, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions.		* Rarely BRAF, KRAS or FGFR1 mutations, NTRK2, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = DT. \| last2 = Hutter \| first2 = B. \| last3 = Jäger \| first3 = N. \| last4 = Korshunov \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kool \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Warnatz \| first6 = HJ. \| last7 = Zichner \| first7 = T. \| last8 = Lambert \| first8 = SR. \| last9 = Ryzhova \| first9 = M. \| title = Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 45 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 927-32 \| month = Aug \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.2682 \| PMID = 23817572 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cin \| first1 = H. \| last2 = Meyer \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Herr \| first3 = R. \| last4 = Janzarik \| first4 = WG. \| last5 = Lambert \| first5 = S. \| last6 = Jones \| first6 = DT. \| last7 = Jacob \| first7 = K. \| last8 = Benner \| first8 = A. \| last9 = Witt \| first9 = H. \| title = Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = 121 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 763-74 \| month = Jun \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-011-0817-z \| PMID = 21424530 }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Michael at 04:16, 11 April 2015

2015-04-11T04:16:58Z

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	Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg \| Rosenthal fibres. (WC)		Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg \| Rosenthal fibres. (WC)
	Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma cell pleomorphism.jpg \| Occasional pleomorphism. (WC)		Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma cell pleomorphism.jpg \| Occasional pleomorphism. (WC)
	Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma endothelial proliferations.jpg \| Microvascular proliferation (WC)		Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma endothelial proliferations.jpg \| Microvascular proliferation. (WC)
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	www:		www:

Michael: fix spelling

2015-04-11T04:16:10Z

fix spelling

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 11 April 2015
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg \| Rosenthal fibres. (WC)		Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg \| Rosenthal fibres. (WC)
	Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma cell pleomorphism.jpg \| Occasional ~~plomorphism~~ (WC)		Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma cell pleomorphism.jpg \| Occasional pleomorphism. (WC)
	Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma endothelial proliferations.jpg \| Microvascular proliferation (WC)		Image:Pilocytic astrocytoma endothelial proliferations.jpg \| Microvascular proliferation (WC)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Michael at 22:21, 28 March 2015

2015-03-28T22:21:37Z

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	\| Tx =		\| Tx =
	}}		}}
	'''Pilocytic astrocytoma''' is a low-grade [[astrocytoma]]. It the most common glioma in children.		'''Pilocytic astrocytoma''', abbreviated '''PA''', is a low-grade [[astrocytoma]]. It the most common glioma in children.

	==General==		==General==

Michael: /* Molecular */

2015-03-28T22:21:16Z

Molecular

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 28 March 2015
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	==Molecular==		==Molecular==
	* ~~alteration~~ usually associated with the MAPK pathway		* Alteration usually associated with the MAPK pathway.
	* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA		* KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts most common in sporadic PA.
	* ~~rarely~~ BRAF mutations, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions		* Rarely BRAF mutations, SRGAP3-RAF1 or FAM131B-BRAF fusions.


	==See also==		==See also==