Neuromuscular pathology - Revision history

Michael: Primary biliary cholangitis (newer term - replaces 'primary biliary cirrhosis')

2021-09-30T21:03:42Z

Primary biliary cholangitis (newer term - replaces 'primary biliary cirrhosis')

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 30 September 2021
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	===General===		===General===
	Etiology:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Prieto-González \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Grau \| first2 = JM. \| title = Diagnosis and classification of granulomatous myositis. \| journal = Autoimmun Rev \| volume = 13 \| issue = 4-5 \| pages = 372-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.017 \| PMID = 24424169 }}</ref>		Etiology:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Prieto-González \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Grau \| first2 = JM. \| title = Diagnosis and classification of granulomatous myositis. \| journal = Autoimmun Rev \| volume = 13 \| issue = 4-5 \| pages = 372-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.017 \| PMID = 24424169 }}</ref>
	* [[Sarcoidosis]]		* [[Sarcoidosis]].
	* Idiopathic		* Idiopathic.
	* Infectious ([[Tuberculosis]], Syphillis, Brucellosis		* Infectious ([[Tuberculosis]], Syphillis, Brucellosis.
	* Foreign-body reaction		* Foreign-body reaction.
	* [[Thymoma]] - myasthenia gravis		* [[Thymoma]] - myasthenia gravis.
	* [[Lymphoma]] - paraneoplastic		* [[Lymphoma]] - paraneoplastic.
	* [[Primary biliary ~~cirrhosis~~]]		* [[Primary biliary cholangitis]].

	<gallery>		<gallery>

Jensflorian: /* Other Diseases */ TTR polyneuropathy

2019-10-21T14:10:15Z

Other Diseases: TTR polyneuropathy

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	===Other Diseases===		===Other Diseases===
	*Amyloid neuropathy: Amorphic endoneurial deposits.		*Amyloid neuropathy: Amorphic endoneurial deposits.
			**TTR amyloidosis is of specific interest, because treatment options exist.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Adams \| first1 = D. \| last2 = Koike \| first2 = H. \| last3 = Slama \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Coelho \| first4 = T. \| title = Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a model of medical progress for a fatal disease. \| journal = Nat Rev Neurol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 387-404 \| month = Jul \| year = 2019 \| doi = 10.1038/s41582-019-0210-4 \| PMID = 31209302 }}</ref>
			**Example of amyloid deposits [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0210-4/figures/3 here]
	*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia: Alterations in myelin periodicity, nerve fiber loss.		*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia: Alterations in myelin periodicity, nerve fiber loss.
	**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.		**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.

Jensflorian: /* Other Diseases */

2019-10-21T13:47:48Z

Other Diseases

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 21 October 2019
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	===Other Diseases===		===Other Diseases===
			*Amyloid neuropathy: Amorphic endoneurial deposits.
	*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia: Alterations in myelin periodicity, nerve fiber loss.		*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia: Alterations in myelin periodicity, nerve fiber loss.
	**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.		**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.

Jensflorian: /* Other Diseases */

2019-10-21T13:46:25Z

Other Diseases

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	===Other Diseases===		===Other Diseases===
	*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia:		*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia: Alterations in myelin periodicity, nerve fiber loss.
	**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.		**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.
	** ~~Multople~~ myeloma.		** Multiple myeloma.
	**[[POEMS]] syndrome.		**[[POEMS]] syndrome.
	**[[LCDD]] - light chain deposition diesease.		**[[LCDD]] - light chain deposition diesease.

Jensflorian: /* Other Diseases */

2019-10-21T13:44:51Z

Other Diseases

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 21 October 2019
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	===Other Diseases===		===Other Diseases===
			*Neuropathy associated with paraproteinemia:
			**[[MGUS]] - Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.
			** Multople myeloma.
			**[[POEMS]] syndrome.
			**[[LCDD]] - light chain deposition diesease.
	*Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref>		*Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref>
	*Polyglucosan body disease.		*Polyglucosan body disease.

Jensflorian: /* Vasculitic neuropathy */ aged vasculitis

2019-10-21T13:31:09Z

Vasculitic neuropathy: aged vasculitis

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	*Endoneurial and epineurial mircrovessels, arterioles and venules.		*Endoneurial and epineurial mircrovessels, arterioles and venules.
	*Ischemia of nerve: thrombosis and fibrinoid necrosis.		*Ischemia of nerve: thrombosis and fibrinoid necrosis.
	*Medium-sized epineurial vessels: mostly classic polyarteritis nodosa.		*Signs of previous vasculitis: Vessel narrowing, fragmentation of elastica, fibrous obliteration and recanalization.
	*Small and medium-sized vessels and eosinophilia: Churg-Strauss angitis.		*Often nerve involvement in systemic vasculitis:
	*Small vessels and necrotizing: ANCA-associated microscopic polyangitis.		**Medium-sized epineurial vessels: mostly classic polyarteritis nodosa.
			**Small and medium-sized vessels and eosinophilia: Churg-Strauss angitis.
			**Small vessels and necrotizing: ANCA-associated microscopic polyangitis.

Jensflorian: /* Inflammation */ Vasculitis

2019-10-21T13:24:04Z

Inflammation: Vasculitis

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	*Axonal loss and regenerating fibers.		*Axonal loss and regenerating fibers.
	*Segmental demyelination and remyelination.		*Segmental demyelination and remyelination.

			====Vasculitic neuropathy====
			*Endoneurial and epineurial mircrovessels, arterioles and venules.
			*Ischemia of nerve: thrombosis and fibrinoid necrosis.
			*Medium-sized epineurial vessels: mostly classic polyarteritis nodosa.
			*Small and medium-sized vessels and eosinophilia: Churg-Strauss angitis.
			*Small vessels and necrotizing: ANCA-associated microscopic polyangitis.

Jensflorian: /* Inflammation */ Sarcoidosis

2019-10-21T08:39:40Z

Inflammation: Sarcoidosis

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	*Onion-bulb formations (15-40%, chronic recurrent demyelination and remyelination).		*Onion-bulb formations (15-40%, chronic recurrent demyelination and remyelination).
	DDx: Familial hypertrophic neuropathy.		DDx: Familial hypertrophic neuropathy.

			====Neurosarcoidosis====
			*Neurological symptoms in 5% of sarcoidosis cases.
			*Granulomas may be endoneurial or epineurial.
			*Compact mass of epitheloid cells.
			*Perilesional fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates.
			*Axonal loss and regenerating fibers.
			*Segmental demyelination and remyelination.

Jensflorian: /* Inflammation */ paraprotein

2019-10-21T08:28:39Z

Inflammation: paraprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 21 October 2019
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	*CMV neuritis in immuncompromised patients.		*CMV neuritis in immuncompromised patients.
	*[[Vasculitis]].		*[[Vasculitis]].
			*Paraprotein-associated neuropathy.
	*Neuropathy with macrophage-induced demyelination (CIDP, GBS).		*Neuropathy with macrophage-induced demyelination (CIDP, GBS).

Jensflorian: /* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) */ Histo

2019-10-15T09:47:21Z

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): Histo

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 15 October 2019
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	*Responsive to steroids.		*Responsive to steroids.
	*Enlargement of affected nerve.		*Enlargement of affected nerve.
			*Variation of fiber density between fascicles / reduced axon numbers.
	*CD4+ve/CD8+ve inflammatory infiltrates(approx. 65% cases).		*CD4+ve/CD8+ve inflammatory infiltrates(approx. 65% cases).
	*Demyelination (thinly myelinated axons, macrophages).		*Demyelination (thinly myelinated axons, macrophages).
	*Onion-bulb formations (chronic recurrent demyelination and remyelination).		*Onion-bulb formations (15-40%, chronic recurrent demyelination and remyelination).
			DDx: Familial hypertrophic neuropathy.