Heart - Revision history

Michael: /* Myocarditis */ split out

2016-07-21T05:33:52Z

Myocarditis: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, 21 July 2016
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	==Myocarditis==		==Myocarditis==
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Myocarditis}}
	*Uncommon.

	~~===Gross===~~
	*Not apparent on gross.

	~~Grossing:~~
	*Requires 10 sections to exclude;<ref>KC. 1 October 2010.</ref> sections should include right ventricle and left ventricle.
	**It is often missed with five.<ref name=pmid9559966>{{~~Cite journal~~ \| last1 = Kubo \| first1 = N. \| last2 = Morimoto \| first2 = S. \| last3 = Hiramitsu \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Uemura \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kimura \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Shimizu \| first6 = K. \| last7 = Hishida \| first7 = H. \| title = Feasibility of diagnosing chronic myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy. \| journal = Heart Vessels \| volume = 12 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 167-70 \| month = \| year = 1997 \| doi = \| PMID = 9559966 }}</ref>

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Inflammation.
	*Myocyte necrosis (disputed<ref name=pmid16449736>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Baughman \| first1 = KL. \| title = Diagnosis of myocarditis: death of Dallas criteria. \| journal = Circulation \| volume = 113 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 593-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2006 \| doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.589663 \| PMID = 16449736 }}</ref>).

	~~====Classification====~~
	~~Classified by the inflammatory cells present:<ref name=emedicine1612533>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1612533-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1612533-overview]</ref>~~
	*Eosinophilic - ''hypersensitivity myocarditis'' - most common.
	**May be assoc. with peripheral blood eosinophilia.<ref name=pmid20181108>{{cite journal \|author=Amini R, Nielsen C \|title=Eosinophilic myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome secondary to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: a case report \|journal=J Med Case Reports \|volume=4 \|issue= \|pages=40 \|year=2010 \|pmid=20181108 \|pmc=2830978 \|doi=10.1186/1752-1947-4-40 \|url=}}</ref>
	*Lymphocytic - viral, autoimmune.
	*Granulomatous - infectious, [[idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis\|idiopathic]].
	*Neutrophilic.
	*Reperfusion (associated with myocardial infarction).

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viral_myocarditis_%281%29.JPG Myocarditis ~~(viral) - 1 (WC)].~~
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viral_myocarditis_%282%29.JPG Myocarditis (viral) - 2 (WC)].
	*[http://jmedicalcasereports.com/content/4/1/40/figure/F5 Eosinophilic myocarditis (jmedicalcasereports.com)].<ref name=pmid20181108>{{cite journal \|author=Amini R, Nielsen C \|title=Eosinophilic myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome secondary to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: a case report \|journal=J Med Case Reports \|volume=4 \|issue= \|pages=40 \|year=2010 \|pmid=20181108 \|pmc=2830978 \|doi=10.1186/1752-1947-4-40 \|url=}}~~</ref>~~

	==Idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis==		==Idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis==

Michael at 05:32, 21 July 2016

2016-07-21T05:32:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:32, 21 July 2016
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	===Congenital heart disease===		===Congenital heart disease===
	{{main\|Congenital heart disease}}		{{main\|Congenital heart disease}}
	~~Congential~~ heart disease... a domain of ~~paediatric~~ cardiac surgery and occasionally adult cardiac surgery.		Congenital heart disease... a domain of pediatric cardiac surgery and occasionally adult cardiac surgery.

	The article covers shunts, both left-to-right and right-to-left.		The article covers shunts, both left-to-right and right-to-left.
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	{{main\|Sarcoidosis}}		{{main\|Sarcoidosis}}
	===General===		===General===
	*Can be in ~~insolation~~ or part of systemic sarcoidosis.<ref name=pmid9608713>{{cite journal \|author=Veinot JP, Johnston B \|title=Cardiac sarcoidosis--an occult cause of sudden death: a case report and literature review \|journal=J. Forensic Sci. \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=715–7 \|year=1998 \|month=May \|pmid=9608713 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>		*Can be in isolation or part of systemic sarcoidosis.<ref name=pmid9608713>{{cite journal \|author=Veinot JP, Johnston B \|title=Cardiac sarcoidosis--an occult cause of sudden death: a case report and literature review \|journal=J. Forensic Sci. \|volume=43 \|issue=3 \|pages=715–7 \|year=1998 \|month=May \|pmid=9608713 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>
	*May mimic hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] clinically.<ref name=pmid10981852>{{cite journal \|author=Matsumori A, Hara M, Nagai S, ''et al.'' \|title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis \|journal=Jpn. Circ. J. \|volume=64 \|issue=9 \|pages=679–83 \|year=2000 \|month=September \|pmid=10981852 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>		*May mimic hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] clinically.<ref name=pmid10981852>{{cite journal \|author=Matsumori A, Hara M, Nagai S, ''et al.'' \|title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis \|journal=Jpn. Circ. J. \|volume=64 \|issue=9 \|pages=679–83 \|year=2000 \|month=September \|pmid=10981852 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>
	*Clinical: associated with heart block.<ref name=pmid9608713/>		*Clinical: associated with heart block.<ref name=pmid9608713/>
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	Notes:		Notes:
	*Myocyte necrosis and ~~eosinophils~~ are features of ''granulomatous myocarditis''.<ref name=pmid19660614/>		*Myocyte necrosis and [[eosinophil]]s are features of ''granulomatous myocarditis''.<ref name=pmid19660614/>

	==Myocarditis==		==Myocarditis==

Michael: /* Right ventricle */

2016-07-21T05:31:25Z

Right ventricle

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:31, 21 July 2016
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	===Right ventricle===		===Right ventricle===
	*Make cut ~~throught~~ the apex (transverse/biventicular section).		*Make cut through the apex (transverse/biventicular section).
	*Open along lateral edge (from RA cut).		*Open along lateral edge (from RA cut).

Michael: /* Standard sections */

2016-07-14T16:24:43Z

Standard sections

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 14 July 2016
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	==Standard sections==		==Standard sections==
	Minimalist approach (~~Cybulsky~~):		Minimalist approach (Dr. C.):
	#LV and PPM (left ventricle and posterior papillary muscle).		#LV and PPM (left ventricle and posterior papillary muscle).
	#LV and APM (left ventricle and anterior papillary muscle).		#LV and APM (left ventricle and anterior papillary muscle).
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	#RV.		#RV.

	Make the lab work hard approach (~~Butany~~):		Make the lab work hard approach (Dr. B.):
	#PRV (post. RV) with tricuspid valve.		#PRV (post. RV) with tricuspid valve.
	#ARV (ant. RV) with pulm. valve.		#ARV (ant. RV) with pulm. valve.

Michael: typo found by AC - fixed

2016-07-14T03:49:28Z

typo found by AC - fixed

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 14 July 2016
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	<math>percent\ stenosis = ( 1 - ( minimal\ diameter ) / ( poststenotic\ diameter ) ) x 100%.</math>		<math>percent\ stenosis = ( 1 - ( minimal\ diameter ) / ( poststenotic\ diameter ) ) x 100%.</math>

	With a bit of ~~allegbra~~ one can show:<br>		With a bit of algebra one can show:<br>
	<math>A_x=x^2 A_o</math><br>		<math>A_x=x^2 A_o</math><br>
	Where:		Where:

Michael: /* Microscopic */

2015-12-22T21:43:31Z

Microscopic

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:43, 22 December 2015
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	*Fibrin - pink amorphous material.		*Fibrin - pink amorphous material.

			Note:
			*Inflammation is not a strict requirement for the diagnosis.<ref name=pmid16200146>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roberts \| first1 = WC. \| title = Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes. \| journal = Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) \| volume = 18 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 38-55 \| month = Jan \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 16200146 }}</ref>

	Images:		Images:
	*[http://autopsy.stanford.edu/images/FibrinousPericarditis.jpg Fibrinous pericarditis (stanford.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html]. Accessed on: 21 January 2012.</ref>		*[http://autopsy.stanford.edu/images/FibrinousPericarditis.jpg Fibrinous pericarditis (stanford.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html]. Accessed on: 21 January 2012.</ref>
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	Image:Pericarditis_fibrinosa.jpg \| Fibrinous pericarditis. (WC)		Image:Pericarditis_fibrinosa.jpg \| Fibrinous pericarditis. (WC)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			===Sign out===
			<pre>
			Pericardium, Excision:
			- Fibrinous pericardial heart disease.
			</pre>

	==Myocardial infarction==		==Myocardial infarction==

Michael: /* Fibrinous pericarditis */

2015-12-22T21:41:03Z

Fibrinous pericarditis

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 22 December 2015
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	*[[Myocardial infarction]] (MI).		*[[Myocardial infarction]] (MI).
	**Classically occurs at 2-3 days following a MI.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_293>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|293}}</ref>		**Classically occurs at 2-3 days following a MI.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_293>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|293}}</ref>

			Note:
			*Roberts suggests that ''pericardial heart disease'' may be a better term for this, as this isn't really an inflammatory process.<ref name=pmid16200146>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roberts \| first1 = WC. \| title = Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes. \| journal = Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) \| volume = 18 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 38-55 \| month = Jan \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 16200146 }}</ref>

	===Gross===		===Gross===

Michael: /* Tamponade */

2014-06-12T17:17:12Z

Tamponade

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:17, 12 June 2014
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	The pathologist (like radiologists) can say...		The pathologist (like radiologists) can say...
	*Pericardial [[effusion]].		*[[Pericardial]] [[effusion]].
	**Hemopericardium.		**Hemopericardium.

Michael: /* Chagas disease */ split out

2014-03-02T00:23:12Z

Chagas disease: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 2 March 2014
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	==Chagas disease==		==Chagas disease==
	*[[AKA]] ''American trypanosomiasis''.		*[[AKA]] ''American trypanosomiasis''.
			{{Main\|Chagas disease}}
	~~===General===~~
	*Essentially a South American disease.
	*Etiology: protozoa ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' - transmitted by ''reduvid bugs'',<ref name=PMH0002348>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002348/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002348/]. Accessed on: 4 December 2011.</ref> also known as ''kissing bug''.<ref>URL: [http://www.who.int/topics/chagas_disease/en/ http://www.who.int/topics/chagas_disease/en/]. Accessed on: 1 December 2011.</ref>

	~~Clinical:<ref name=pmid17072450>~~{{Cite journal \| last1 = Teixeira \| first1 = AR. \| last2 = Nascimento \| first2 = RJ. \| last3 = Sturm \| first3 = NR. \| title = Evolution and pathology in chagas disease--a review. \| journal = Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz \| volume = 101 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 463-91 \| month = Aug \| year = 2006 \| doi = \| PMID = 17072450 \|~~URL = http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762006000500001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en }}</ref>~~
	*Depends on phase of infection.
	*[[cardiac arrhythmia\|Arrhythmia]]s (late).

	~~Dx:<ref>URL: [http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/diagnosis.html http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/diagnosis.html]. Accessed on: 4 December 2011.</ref>~~
	*Usually serology.
	*Thin blood smear.

	~~Tx:~~
	*Antimicrobials: benznidazole, nifurtimox.<ref name=PMH0002348/>

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Inflammation - main finding.<ref name=pmid17072450/>
	*Intramuscular organisms (without an inflammatory response).
	*Neuronal loss in atrial ganglia.<ref name=pmid17339569/>

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Toxoplasmosis]].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case160/micro.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case160/micro.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> (???)

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://www.uaz.edu.mx/histo/pathology/ed/ch_9c/c9c_chagas.htm Chagas disease ~~(uaz.edu.mx)].~~
	*[http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/1/96/F1.expansion.html Chagas disease (oxfordjournals.org)].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Higuchi \| first1 = Mde L. \| last2 = Benvenuti \| first2 = LA. \| last3 = Martins Reis \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Metzger \| first4 = M. \| title = Pathophysiology of the heart in Chagas' disease: current status and new developments. \| journal = Cardiovasc Res \| volume = 60 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 96-107 \| month = Oct \| year = 2003 \| doi = \| PMID = 14522411 }}</ref>

	~~===IHC===~~
	*Anti–T cruzi immunoperoxidase.<ref name=pmid17339569>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Marin-Neto \| first1 = JA. \| last2 = Cunha-Neto \| first2 = E. \| last3 = Maciel \| first3 = BC. \| last4 = Simões \| first4 = MV. \| title = Pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease. \| journal = Circulation \| volume = 115 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 1109-23 \| month = Mar \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296 \| PMID = 17339569 \|URL = http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/115/9/1109.long }}~~</ref>~~

	==Cardiac amyloidosis==		==Cardiac amyloidosis==

Michael: /* Abnormal hearts */

2014-01-08T02:24:23Z

Abnormal hearts

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 8 January 2014
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	*Hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] (usually eccentric).		*Hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] (usually eccentric).

			<gallery>
			Image: Heart_left_ventricular_hypertrophy_sa.jpg \| Concentric LVH. (WC)
			</gallery>
	====Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy====		====Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy====
	*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], includes [[hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]] (HOCM).		*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], includes [[hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]] (HOCM).