Germ cell tumours - Revision history

Michael at 16:36, 13 October 2023

2023-10-13T16:36:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 13 October 2023
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	===Molecular pathology===		===Molecular pathology===
	Most common cytogenetic abnormality in GCTs:		Most common cytogenetic abnormality in GCTs:
	* Isochromosome ~~p12~~.<ref name=pmid10357096>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Looijenga \| first1 = LH. \| last2 = Oosterhuis \| first2 = JW. \| title = Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours. \| journal = Rev Reprod \| volume = 4 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 90-100 \| month = May \| year = 1999 \| doi = \| PMID = 10357096 }}</ref>		*[[Isochromosome 12p]].<ref name=pmid10357096>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Looijenga \| first1 = LH. \| last2 = Oosterhuis \| first2 = JW. \| title = Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours. \| journal = Rev Reprod \| volume = 4 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 90-100 \| month = May \| year = 1999 \| doi = \| PMID = 10357096 }}</ref>
	** Isochromosome = one arm (p or q) is lost and replaced with a duplicate of the remaining one.		** Isochromosome = one arm (p or q) is lost and replaced with a duplicate of the remaining one.
	***Example: isochromosome ~~p12~~ = chromosome 12 where q is lost and two p arms are present.<ref>URL: [http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/isochromosomes http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/isochromosomes]. Accessed on: 15 February 2012.</ref>		***Example: isochromosome 12p = chromosome 12 where q is lost and two p arms are present.<ref>URL: [http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/isochromosomes http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/isochromosomes]. Accessed on: 15 February 2012.</ref>

	==Germinoma==		==Germinoma==

Michael: /* GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour */

2016-12-14T14:50:09Z

GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 14 December 2016
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	====GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour====		====GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour====
	The ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364>{{cite journal \|author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' \|title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=8 \|pages=1017–22 \|year=2014 \|month=August \|pmid=25025364 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 \|url=}}</ref>		The ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364>{{cite journal \|author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' \|title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=8 \|pages=1017–22 \|year=2014 \|month=August \|pmid=25025364 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 \|url=}}</ref>
	*SALL4 +ve.<ref name=pmid24525512>{{cite journal \|author=Miettinen M, Wang Z, McCue PA, ''et al.'' \|title=SALL4 expression in germ cell and non-germ cell tumors: a systematic immunohistochemical study of 3215 cases \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=3 \|pages=410–20 \|year=2014 \|month=March \|pmid=24525512 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000116 \|url=}}</ref>		*[[SALL4]] +ve (in GCTs).<ref name=pmid24525512>{{cite journal \|author=Miettinen M, Wang Z, McCue PA, ''et al.'' \|title=SALL4 expression in germ cell and non-germ cell tumors: a systematic immunohistochemical study of 3215 cases \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=3 \|pages=410–20 \|year=2014 \|month=March \|pmid=24525512 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000116 \|url=}}</ref>
	*Alpha-inhibin -ve (+ve in [[SCST]]).		*Alpha-inhibin -ve (+ve in [[SCST]]).
	*Calretinin -ve (+ve in SCST).		*Calretinin -ve (+ve in SCST).

Michael: change term ITGCN --> GCNIS

2016-03-15T23:25:45Z

change term ITGCN --> GCNIS

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 15 March 2016
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	! Image		! Image
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[~~Intratubular germ~~ cell neoplasia]] (~~ITGCN~~)		\| [[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (GCNIS)
	\| nests of small fried egg cells		\| nests of small fried egg cells
	\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, squared-off nuclear membrane, nucleoli<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>		\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, squared-off nuclear membrane, nucleoli<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>
	\| CD117 +ve, CD30 -ve		\| CD117 +ve, CD30 -ve
	\| appearance similar to [[seminoma]]		\| appearance similar to [[seminoma]]
	\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|~~ITGCN~~ (WC/Nephron)]]		\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|GCNIS (WC/Nephron)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Germinoma]] / [[Seminoma]] / [[Dysgerminoma]]		\| [[Germinoma]] / [[Seminoma]] / [[Dysgerminoma]]

Michael at 01:01, 30 September 2015

2015-09-30T01:01:27Z

Michael at 01:00, 30 September 2015

2015-09-30T01:00:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:00, 30 September 2015
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			[[Image:Mixed_Germ_Cell_Tumor_of_Testis_(3260625567).jpg\|thumb\|right\|Mixed germ cell tumour. (WC/euthman)]]
	This article covers '''germ cell tumours''', often abbreviated [[GCT]], which classically arise in the gonads ([[ovary]], [[testis]]). They are also found in the midline and make appearances in [[neuropathology]] (e.g. [[pineal gland]]) and in the [[mediastinum]].		This article covers '''germ cell tumours''', often abbreviated [[GCT]], which classically arise in the gonads ([[ovary]], [[testis]]). They are also found in the midline and make appearances in [[neuropathology]] (e.g. [[pineal gland]]) and in the [[mediastinum]].

Jensflorian: /* Germinoma */ images added

2015-09-24T10:25:46Z

Germinoma: images added

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 24 September 2015
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	Image: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525/images/fig02a.jpg Germinoma (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525.html]. Accessed on: 25 January 2012.</ref>		Image: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525/images/fig02a.jpg Germinoma (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case525.html]. Accessed on: 25 January 2012.</ref>

			<gallery>
			Image:Neuropathology_case_VIII_01.jpg \| Germinoma of the brain, low mag. (WC/jensflorian)
			Image:Neuropathology_case_VIII_02.jpg \| Germinoma intermed. mag. (WC/jensflorian)
			Image:Neuropathology_case_VIII_03.jpg \| Germinoma very high. mag. (WC/jensflorian)
			Image:Neuropathology_case_VIII_05.jpg \| Germinoma Oct3/4 staining (WC/jensflorian)
			</gallery>


	===Seminoma===		===Seminoma===

Michael: /* Tabular summary of GCTs */

2014-08-01T02:56:46Z

Tabular summary of GCTs

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:56, 1 August 2014
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	\| nests of small fried egg cells		\| nests of small fried egg cells
	\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, squared-off nuclear membrane, nucleoli<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>		\| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, squared-off nuclear membrane, nucleoli<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP\|538}}</ref>
	\| CD117		\| CD117 +ve, CD30 -ve
	\| appearance similar to [[seminoma]]		\| appearance similar to [[seminoma]]
	\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|ITGCN (WC/Nephron)]]		\| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|ITGCN (WC/Nephron)]]
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	\| Schiller-Duval bodies		\| Schiller-Duval bodies
	\| Schiller-Duval b. = central blood vessel surrounded by epithelial-like cells a space and more epithelial-like cells, variable arch.		\| Schiller-Duval b. = central blood vessel surrounded by epithelial-like cells a space and more epithelial-like cells, variable arch.
	\| AFP		\| AFP +ve, Glypican 3 +ve
	\| patterns: microcystic, solid, hepatoid		\| patterns: microcystic, solid, hepatoid
	\| [[Image:Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Yolk sac tumour (WC)]]		\| [[Image:Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Yolk sac tumour (WC)]]
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	\| prominent nucleoli, vescicular nuclei		\| prominent nucleoli, vescicular nuclei
	\| var. arch.: tubulopapillary, glandular, solid, embryoid bodies (ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides), +/-nuclear overlap, mitoses common		\| var. arch.: tubulopapillary, glandular, solid, embryoid bodies (ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides), +/-nuclear overlap, mitoses common
	\| CD30		\| CD30 +ve, CD117 -ve
	\| usu. part of a mixed GCT		\| usu. part of a mixed GCT
	\| [[Image:Embryonal_carcinoma_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Embryonal carcinoma (WC/Nephron)]]		\| [[Image:Embryonal_carcinoma_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Embryonal carcinoma (WC/Nephron)]]
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	\| clear cytoplasm		\| clear cytoplasm
	\| cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and eccentric atypical nuclei (cytotrophoblast), very large (multinucleated) cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and extreme nuclear atypia (syncytiotrophoblast)		\| cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and eccentric atypical nuclei (cytotrophoblast), very large (multinucleated) cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and extreme nuclear atypia (syncytiotrophoblast)
	\| beta-hCG		\| beta-hCG +ve
	\| may be preceded by a [[complete mole\|complete hydatidiform mole]]		\| may be preceded by a [[complete mole\|complete hydatidiform mole]]
	\| [[Image:Choriocarcinoma_-2-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Choriocarcinoma. (WC/Nephron)]]		\| [[Image:Choriocarcinoma_-2-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Choriocarcinoma. (WC/Nephron)]]

Michael: /* Grossing */

2014-08-01T02:55:20Z

Grossing

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 1 August 2014
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	===Grossing===		===Grossing===
			{{Main\|Orchiectomy}}
	*1 cm<sup>2</sup> of tumour per cm of maximal tumour dimension - guideline for testicular cancer.<ref>URL: [http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/10_Testicular_Cancer.pdf http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/10_Testicular_Cancer.pdf]. Accessed on: 30 October 2012.</ref>		*1 cm<sup>2</sup> of tumour per cm of maximal tumour dimension - guideline for testicular cancer.<ref>URL: [http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/10_Testicular_Cancer.pdf http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/10_Testicular_Cancer.pdf]. Accessed on: 30 October 2012.</ref>

Michael: /* IHC for GCTs */

2014-08-01T02:37:09Z

IHC for GCTs

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:37, 1 August 2014
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	===IHC for GCTs===		===IHC for GCTs===
			====ISUP====
			An algorithmic approach based on the ISUP consensus paper by Ulbright ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid24832161>{{cite journal \|author=Ulbright TM, Tickoo SK, Berney DM, Srigley JR \|title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in testicular tumors: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=8 \|pages=e50–9 \|year=2014 \|month=August \|pmid=24832161 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000233 \|url=}}</ref>
			{{familytree/start}}
			{{familytree \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| A01 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|A01=[[Germ cell tumours]]}}
			{{familytree \| \| \| \| \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|^\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|}}
			{{familytree \| \| \| \| \| B01 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| B02 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|B01=OCT4 +ve \| B02=OCT4 -ve}}
			{{familytree \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|^\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|+\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|}}
			{{familytree \| C01 \| \| \| \| \| \| C02 \| \| \| \| C03 \| \| \| \| C04 \| \| \| \| C05 \| \| \| \| \|C01=CD117 +ve<br>CD30 -ve \|C02= CD117 -ve<br>CD30 +ve\|C03=Glypican3 +ve<br>AFP +ve<br>beta-hCG -ve\|C04=Glypican3 ?<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG +ve\|C05=Glypican3 -ve<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG -ve}}
			{{familytree \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|}}
			{{familytree \| D01 \| \| \| \| \| \| D02 \| \| \| \| D03 \| \| \| \| D04 \| \| \| \| D05 \| \| \| \| \|D01=[[Seminoma]]\|D02=[[Embryonal carcinoma]]\|D03=[[Yolk sac tumour]]\|D04=[[Choriocarcinoma]] \|D05= [[Spermatocytic seminoma]] }}
			{{familytree/end}}

	====ABCDs of GCTs====		====ABCDs of GCTs====
	*AFP - yolk sac tumour.		*AFP - yolk sac tumour.

Michael: /* GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour */

2014-07-22T04:32:11Z

GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:32, 22 July 2014
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	====GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour====		====GCT versus sex cord-stromal tumour====
	The ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364>{{cite journal \|author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' \|title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=8 \|pages=1017–22 \|year=2014 \|month=August \|pmid=25025364 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 \|url=}}</ref>		The ISUP recommends:<ref name=pmid25025364>{{cite journal \|author=Amin MB, Epstein JI, Ulbright TM, ''et al.'' \|title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in urologic pathology: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=8 \|pages=1017–22 \|year=2014 \|month=August \|pmid=25025364 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000254 \|url=}}</ref>
	*SALL4 +ve.		*SALL4 +ve.<ref name=pmid24525512>{{cite journal \|author=Miettinen M, Wang Z, McCue PA, ''et al.'' \|title=SALL4 expression in germ cell and non-germ cell tumors: a systematic immunohistochemical study of 3215 cases \|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. \|volume=38 \|issue=3 \|pages=410–20 \|year=2014 \|month=March \|pmid=24525512 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000116 \|url=}}</ref>
	*Alpha-inhibin -ve (+ve in [[SCST]]).		*Alpha-inhibin -ve (+ve in [[SCST]]).
	*Calretinin -ve (+ve in SCST).		*Calretinin -ve (+ve in SCST).

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:01, 30 September 2015
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	[[Image:Mixed_Germ_Cell_Tumor_of_Testis_(3260625567).jpg\|thumb\|right\|~~Mixed~~ germ cell tumour. (WC/euthman)]]		[[Image:Mixed_Germ_Cell_Tumor_of_Testis_(3260625567).jpg\|thumb\|right\|Testicular [[mixed germ cell tumour]]. (WC/euthman)]]
	This article covers '''germ cell tumours''', often abbreviated [[GCT]], which classically arise in the gonads ([[ovary]], [[testis]]). They are also found in the midline and make appearances in [[neuropathology]] (e.g. [[pineal gland]]) and in the [[mediastinum]].		This article covers '''germ cell tumours''', often abbreviated [[GCT]], which classically arise in the gonads ([[ovary]], [[testis]]). They are also found in the midline and make appearances in [[neuropathology]] (e.g. [[pineal gland]]) and in the [[mediastinum]].

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	{{familytree \| \| \| \| \| B01 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| B02 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|B01=OCT4 +ve \| B02=OCT4 -ve}}		{{familytree \| \| \| \| \| B01 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| B02 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|B01=OCT4 +ve \| B02=OCT4 -ve}}
	{{familytree \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|^\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|+\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|}}		{{familytree \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|^\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|+\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \| \| \|}}
	{{familytree \| C01 \| \| \| \| \| \| C02 \| \| \| \| C03 \| \| \| \| C04 \| \| \| \| C05 \| \| \| \| \|C01=CD117 +ve<br>CD30 -ve \|C02= CD117 -ve<br>CD30 +ve\|C03=~~Glypican3~~ +ve<br>AFP +ve<br>beta-hCG -ve\|C04=~~Glypican3~~ ?<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG +ve\|C05=~~Glypican3~~ -ve<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG -ve}}		{{familytree \| C01 \| \| \| \| \| \| C02 \| \| \| \| C03 \| \| \| \| C04 \| \| \| \| C05 \| \| \| \| \|C01=CD117 +ve<br>CD30 -ve \|C02= CD117 -ve<br>CD30 +ve\|C03=[[Glypican 3]] +ve<br>AFP +ve<br>beta-hCG -ve\|C04=Glypican 3 ?<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG +ve\|C05=Glypican 3 -ve<br>AFP -ve<br>beta-hCG -ve}}
	{{familytree \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|}}		{{familytree \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \| \| \|}}
	{{familytree \| D01 \| \| \| \| \| \| D02 \| \| \| \| D03 \| \| \| \| D04 \| \| \| \| D05 \| \| \| \| \|D01=[[Seminoma]]\|D02=[[Embryonal carcinoma]]\|D03=[[Yolk sac tumour]]\|D04=[[Choriocarcinoma]] \|D05= [[Spermatocytic seminoma]] }}		{{familytree \| D01 \| \| \| \| \| \| D02 \| \| \| \| D03 \| \| \| \| D04 \| \| \| \| D05 \| \| \| \| \|D01=[[Seminoma]]\|D02=[[Embryonal carcinoma]]\|D03=[[Yolk sac tumour]]\|D04=[[Choriocarcinoma]] \|D05= [[Spermatocytic seminoma]] }}
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	\| Schiller-Duval bodies		\| Schiller-Duval bodies
	\| Schiller-Duval b. = central blood vessel surrounded by epithelial-like cells a space and more epithelial-like cells, variable arch.		\| Schiller-Duval b. = central blood vessel surrounded by epithelial-like cells a space and more epithelial-like cells, variable arch.
	\| AFP +ve, Glypican 3 +ve		\| [[AFP]] +ve, [[Glypican 3]] +ve
	\| patterns: microcystic, solid, hepatoid		\| patterns: microcystic, solid, hepatoid
	\| [[Image:Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Yolk sac tumour (WC)]]		\| [[Image:Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg\|thumb\|center\|150px\|Yolk sac tumour (WC)]]