CNS cytopathology - Revision history

Jensflorian: /* Metastatic melanoma*/

2016-12-21T14:59:51Z

Metastatic melanoma

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 21 December 2016
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	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif Adenocarcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif Adenocarcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ59.gif Small cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ59.gif Small cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].

			===Metastatic melanoma===
			*Occasionally large bi- or multinucleated cells
			*Discohesive cells
			*Large nucleoli
			*Pigmented tumor cells
			*Accompanied by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
			<gallery>
			File:Melanoma_CNS_met_smear_HE.jpg \| Melanoma smear prep (H&E)
			File:Melanoma - cytology field stain.jpg
			</gallery>

			===Metastatic lymphoma===
			*Small round and blue cells

			===Glial tumors===
			* Elongated cell processes
			* Cohesive growth
			* Often attached to vasculature

			<gallery>
			File:Pilocytic astrocytoma - smear - very high mag.jpg \| Pilocytic astrocytoma smear preparation (H&E)
			</gallery>

	==Things that don't smear well==		==Things that don't smear well==

Michael: fix typo

2015-09-18T04:35:13Z

fix typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 18 September 2015
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	{{Main\|Metastasis}}		{{Main\|Metastasis}}
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif ~~Adenocarcioma~~ (ouhsc.edu)].		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif Adenocarcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ59.gif Small cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ59.gif Small cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].

Jensflorian: /* Meningioma */ +pic

2015-05-04T11:41:32Z

Meningioma: +pic

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 4 May 2015
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	# Round nuclei with vesicular chromatin and unapparent or small nucleoli		# Round nuclei with vesicular chromatin and unapparent or small nucleoli
	# Visible actin striations / stress filaments in cells (seen as pink straight lines)		# Visible actin striations / stress filaments in cells (seen as pink straight lines)

			<gallery>
			File:Meningioma cytologie.jpg \| HE smear of a meningioma displaying typical whorl formations (WC/jensflorian)
			</gallery>

	===Metastatic carcinoma===		===Metastatic carcinoma===

Michael: /* Technique */

2015-02-16T22:19:23Z

Technique

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:19, 16 February 2015
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	==Technique==		==Technique==
	Smears (really squash preps) are common in neuropathology. Here are some tips for getting a good smear:		Smears (really squash preps) are common in neuropathology. Here are some tips for getting a good smear:
	# Sampling is key -- choose 3-4 small pieces of tissue from different areas of the tissue (if there are different colours, get some of each)		# Sampling is key -- choose 3-4 small pieces of tissue from different areas of the tissue (if there are different colours, get some of each).
	# Keep pieces small (easier to smear)		# Keep pieces small (easier to smear).
	# Avoid air drying (place into formal alcohol immediately upon smearing)		# Avoid air drying (place into formal alcohol immediately upon smearing).

	==Basic approach==		==Basic approach==

Ana at 18:22, 16 February 2015

2015-02-16T18:22:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 16 February 2015
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	An introduction to cytopathology is in the ''[[cytopathology]]'' article. Cerebrospinal (CSF) specimens are dealt with in a separate article called ''[[CSF cytopathology]]''.		An introduction to cytopathology is in the ''[[cytopathology]]'' article. Cerebrospinal (CSF) specimens are dealt with in a separate article called ''[[CSF cytopathology]]''.
			==Technique==
			Smears (really squash preps) are common in neuropathology. Here are some tips for getting a good smear:
			# Sampling is key -- choose 3-4 small pieces of tissue from different areas of the tissue (if there are different colours, get some of each)
			# Keep pieces small (easier to smear)
			# Avoid air drying (place into formal alcohol immediately upon smearing)

	==Basic approach==		==Basic approach==
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	Glial vs non-glial:		Glial vs non-glial:
	*Glial has ~~ctyoplasmic~~ processes/cytoplasmic strands (stringy processes) ~ 1 micrometer thick.		*Glial has cytoplasmic processes/cytoplasmic strands (stringy processes) ~ 1 micrometer thick.
	**They cannot be seen well at low power.		**They cannot be seen well at low power.
	**Cotton candy-like appearance.		**Cotton candy-like appearance.
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	*** [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/files/cf76aad0d9dab70c99b93186ca8b3ad4.gif Stringy processes - glial tumour (msdlatinamerica.com)].<ref name=latinam>URL: [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html]. Accessed on: 2 November 2010.</ref>		*** [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/files/cf76aad0d9dab70c99b93186ca8b3ad4.gif Stringy processes - glial tumour (msdlatinamerica.com)].<ref name=latinam>URL: [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html]. Accessed on: 2 November 2010.</ref>
	*** [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/files/59f74df1106573dcdea73be7febff2aa.gif Glial tumour mimicing a carcinoma (msdlatinamerica.com)].<ref name=latinam>URL: [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html]. Accessed on: 2 November 2010.</ref>		*** [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/files/59f74df1106573dcdea73be7febff2aa.gif Glial tumour mimicing a carcinoma (msdlatinamerica.com)].<ref name=latinam>URL: [http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/DiagnosticNeuropathologySmears/sid117213.html]. Accessed on: 2 November 2010.</ref>

			Gliosis vs. neoplasm:
			*Gliosis - uniform, pink
			*Astrocytoma - irregular, coarse clumps of pink fibrillary material

			High grade vs. low-grade:
			*Markers of high grade glioma:
			# Mitoses (can see these in smear)
			# Necrosis (can also see in smears)

	Notes:		Notes:
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	***Crushed/elongated nuclei are present in artifactual processes.		***Crushed/elongated nuclei are present in artifactual processes.
	<!-- *** something i forgot -->		<!-- *** something i forgot -->

			===Meningioma===
			Most meningiomas smear rather well, the only exception being ones that are densely fibrous.
			*Key features of meningioma smears:
			# Single cells or small groups of epithelioid cells with distinct cytoplasmic 'flags' (cytoplasm usually abundant)
			# Round nuclei with vesicular chromatin and unapparent or small nucleoli
			# Visible actin striations / stress filaments in cells (seen as pink straight lines)

	===Metastatic carcinoma===		===Metastatic carcinoma===
			Typically has a 'cannonball' appearance -- with small, highly cohesive clusters of epithelioid cells.
	{{Main\|Metastasis}}		{{Main\|Metastasis}}
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>
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	==Things that don't smear well==		==Things that don't smear well==
	Cohesive tumours:		Cohesive tumours:
	*[[Meningioma]].<ref name=pmid7962615>{{cite journal \|author=Ironside JW \|title=Update on central nervous system cytopathology. II. Brain smear technique \|journal=J. Clin. Pathol. \|volume=47 \|issue=8 \|pages=683–8 \|year=1994 \|month=August \|pmid=7962615 \|pmc=502135 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Neurofibroma]].
	*[[Neurofibroma]].~~<ref name=pmid7962615/>~~
	*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Subependymoma		*Subependymoma

Ana: /* Things that don't smear well */

2015-02-16T18:06:36Z

Things that don't smear well

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 16 February 2015
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	*[[Neurofibroma]].<ref name=pmid7962615/>		*[[Neurofibroma]].<ref name=pmid7962615/>
	*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
			*Subependymoma
			*Abscess (because of fibrous capsule)
	*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>

Michael: /* Metastatic carcinoma */ w

2012-02-04T03:00:26Z

Metastatic carcinoma: w

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:00, 4 February 2012
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	===Metastatic carcinoma===		===Metastatic carcinoma===
			{{Main\|Metastasis}}
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/_derived/Q92-Ans.htm_txt_SampleQ92.gif Squamous cell carcinoma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Q92-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>
	*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif Adenocarcioma (ouhsc.edu)].		*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroTest/Images/SampleQ50.gif Adenocarcioma (ouhsc.edu)].

Michael: /* Things that don't smear well */ wikify

2011-04-11T15:10:44Z

Things that don't smear well: wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 11 April 2011
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	==Things that don't smear well==		==Things that don't smear well==
	Cohesive tumours:		Cohesive tumours:
	*Meningioma.<ref name=pmid7962615>{{cite journal \|author=Ironside JW \|title=Update on central nervous system cytopathology. II. Brain smear technique \|journal=J. Clin. Pathol. \|volume=47 \|issue=8 \|pages=683–8 \|year=1994 \|month=August \|pmid=7962615 \|pmc=502135 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Meningioma]].<ref name=pmid7962615>{{cite journal \|author=Ironside JW \|title=Update on central nervous system cytopathology. II. Brain smear technique \|journal=J. Clin. Pathol. \|volume=47 \|issue=8 \|pages=683–8 \|year=1994 \|month=August \|pmid=7962615 \|pmc=502135 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Neurofibroma.<ref name=pmid7962615/>		*[[Neurofibroma]].<ref name=pmid7962615/>
	*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
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	===Things that smear well===		===Things that smear well===
	Dyscohesive tumours:		Dyscohesive tumours:
	*Lymphoma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Lymphoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Pituitary adenoma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Pituitary adenoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Oligodendroglioma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Oligodendroglioma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*[[Astrocytoma]].		*[[Astrocytoma]].

Michael: /* Things that smear well */ wikify

2011-01-13T16:39:09Z

Things that smear well: wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 13 January 2011
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	*Pituitary adenoma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Pituitary adenoma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Oligodendroglioma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Oligodendroglioma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Astrocytoma.		*[[Astrocytoma]].
	*Normal brain.		*Normal brain.

Michael: /* Things that don't smear well */ wikify

2010-11-24T17:55:14Z

Things that don't smear well: wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 24 November 2010
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	*Meningioma.<ref name=pmid7962615>{{cite journal \|author=Ironside JW \|title=Update on central nervous system cytopathology. II. Brain smear technique \|journal=J. Clin. Pathol. \|volume=47 \|issue=8 \|pages=683–8 \|year=1994 \|month=August \|pmid=7962615 \|pmc=502135 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Meningioma.<ref name=pmid7962615>{{cite journal \|author=Ironside JW \|title=Update on central nervous system cytopathology. II. Brain smear technique \|journal=J. Clin. Pathol. \|volume=47 \|issue=8 \|pages=683–8 \|year=1994 \|month=August \|pmid=7962615 \|pmc=502135 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Neurofibroma.<ref name=pmid7962615/>		*Neurofibroma.<ref name=pmid7962615/>
	*Schwannoma.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*[[Schwannoma]].<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>
	*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>		*Metastasis.<ref name=Ref_TPoSP\|252>{{Ref TPoSP\|252}}</ref>