Amyloid - Revision history

Michael at 15:53, 1 May 2024

2024-05-01T15:53:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 1 May 2024
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	*[[Thioflavin T stain]].<ref name=pmid18175051>{{cite journal \|author=Nishi S, Alchi B, Imai N, Gejyo F \|title=New advances in renal amyloidosis \|journal=Clin. Exp. Nephrol. \|volume=12 \|issue=2 \|pages=93-101 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18175051 \|doi=10.1007/s10157-007-0008-3 \|url=}}</ref>		*[[Thioflavin T stain]].<ref name=pmid18175051>{{cite journal \|author=Nishi S, Alchi B, Imai N, Gejyo F \|title=New advances in renal amyloidosis \|journal=Clin. Exp. Nephrol. \|volume=12 \|issue=2 \|pages=93-101 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18175051 \|doi=10.1007/s10157-007-0008-3 \|url=}}</ref>
	*Sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain +ve.<ref name=pmid55419>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Pomerance \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Slavin \| first2 = G. \| last3 = McWatt \| first3 = J. \| title = Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology. \| journal = J Clin Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 22-6 \| month = Jan \| year = 1976 \| doi = \| PMID = 55419 }}</ref>		*Sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain +ve.<ref name=pmid55419>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Pomerance \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Slavin \| first2 = G. \| last3 = McWatt \| first3 = J. \| title = Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology. \| journal = J Clin Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 22-6 \| month = Jan \| year = 1976 \| doi = \| PMID = 55419 }}</ref>
	*[[Masson trichrome]] ~~stain~~: blue-gray staining.<ref name=pmid33002919>{{cite journal \|~~vauthors~~=Kunnath-Velayudhan S, Larsen BT, Coley SM, De Michele S, Santoriello D, Colby TV, Bhagat G, Saqi A \|title=Masson Trichrome and Sulfated Alcian Blue Stains Distinguish Light Chain Deposition Disease From Amyloidosis in the Lung \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|pages=405–413 \|date=March 2021 \|pmid=33002919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001593 \|url=}}</ref>		*[[Masson trichrome stain]]: blue-gray staining.<ref name=pmid33002919>{{cite journal \|authors=Kunnath-Velayudhan S, Larsen BT, Coley SM, De Michele S, Santoriello D, Colby TV, Bhagat G, Saqi A \|title=Masson Trichrome and Sulfated Alcian Blue Stains Distinguish Light Chain Deposition Disease From Amyloidosis in the Lung \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|pages=405–413 \|date=March 2021 \|pmid=33002919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001593 \|url=}}</ref>

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Michael at 15:50, 1 May 2024

2024-05-01T15:50:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 1 May 2024
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	\| Subtypes = multiple subclassifications: ''Robbins'' (AL amyloidosis, AA amyloidosis, non-AA and non-AL), ''set of six subtypes'' (primary (AL amyloidosis), secondary (AA amyloidosis, hemodialysis-related, localized), hereditary, senile systemic amyloidosis)		\| Subtypes = multiple subclassifications: ''Robbins'' (AL amyloidosis, AA amyloidosis, non-AA and non-AL), ''set of six subtypes'' (primary (AL amyloidosis), secondary (AA amyloidosis, hemodialysis-related, localized), hereditary, senile systemic amyloidosis)
	\| LMDDx = fibrin, collagen, smooth muscle		\| LMDDx = fibrin, collagen, smooth muscle
	\| Stains = [[Congo red]] +ve		\| Stains = [[Congo red]] +ve, [[Masson trichrome]] blue-gray staining
	\| IHC =		\| IHC =
	\| EM = non-branching fine fibrils - usually 8-12 nm in diameter (accepted range 8-15 nm)		\| EM = non-branching fine fibrils - usually 8-12 nm in diameter (accepted range 8-15 nm)

Michael at 15:50, 1 May 2024

2024-05-01T15:50:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 1 May 2024
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	*[[Thioflavin T stain]].<ref name=pmid18175051>{{cite journal \|author=Nishi S, Alchi B, Imai N, Gejyo F \|title=New advances in renal amyloidosis \|journal=Clin. Exp. Nephrol. \|volume=12 \|issue=2 \|pages=93-101 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18175051 \|doi=10.1007/s10157-007-0008-3 \|url=}}</ref>		*[[Thioflavin T stain]].<ref name=pmid18175051>{{cite journal \|author=Nishi S, Alchi B, Imai N, Gejyo F \|title=New advances in renal amyloidosis \|journal=Clin. Exp. Nephrol. \|volume=12 \|issue=2 \|pages=93-101 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18175051 \|doi=10.1007/s10157-007-0008-3 \|url=}}</ref>
	*Sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain +ve.<ref name=pmid55419>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Pomerance \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Slavin \| first2 = G. \| last3 = McWatt \| first3 = J. \| title = Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology. \| journal = J Clin Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 22-6 \| month = Jan \| year = 1976 \| doi = \| PMID = 55419 }}</ref>		*Sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain +ve.<ref name=pmid55419>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Pomerance \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Slavin \| first2 = G. \| last3 = McWatt \| first3 = J. \| title = Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology. \| journal = J Clin Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 22-6 \| month = Jan \| year = 1976 \| doi = \| PMID = 55419 }}</ref>
			*[[Masson trichrome]] stain: blue-gray staining.<ref name=pmid33002919>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Kunnath-Velayudhan S, Larsen BT, Coley SM, De Michele S, Santoriello D, Colby TV, Bhagat G, Saqi A \|title=Masson Trichrome and Sulfated Alcian Blue Stains Distinguish Light Chain Deposition Disease From Amyloidosis in the Lung \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|pages=405–413 \|date=March 2021 \|pmid=33002919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001593 \|url=}}</ref>

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Michael: /* Light microscopy */

2022-03-25T18:13:06Z

Light microscopy

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 25 March 2022
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	Other considerations:		Other considerations:
	*Foreign material (lifting agent "O'rise").<ref name=pmid31934919>{{cite journal \|authors=Pezhouh MK, Burgart LJ, Chiu K, Cohen DA, Hutchings DA, Sanderson SO, Shirazi M, Stanich PP, VandenBussche CJ, Voltaggio L, Willhoit ED, Xue Y, Arnold CA \|title=Characterization of Novel Injectable Lifting Agents Used in Colonic Polyp Removal: An Emerging Amyloid Mimic \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=44 \|issue=6 \|pages=793–798 \|date=June 2020 \|pmid=31934919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001435 \|url=}}<ref>		*Foreign material, e.g. lifting agent "O'rise".<ref name=pmid31934919>{{cite journal \|authors=Pezhouh MK, Burgart LJ, Chiu K, Cohen DA, Hutchings DA, Sanderson SO, Shirazi M, Stanich PP, VandenBussche CJ, Voltaggio L, Willhoit ED, Xue Y, Arnold CA \|title=Characterization of Novel Injectable Lifting Agents Used in Colonic Polyp Removal: An Emerging Amyloid Mimic \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=44 \|issue=6 \|pages=793–798 \|date=June 2020 \|pmid=31934919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001435 \|url=}}</ref>

	====Images====		====Images====

Michael: /* Light microscopy */

2022-03-25T18:12:34Z

Light microscopy

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:12, 25 March 2022
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	*May have a "cracked" appearance.{{fact}}		*May have a "cracked" appearance.{{fact}}

	DDx - ''ABCs'' of pink:		Classic DDx - ''ABCs'' of pink:
	*Amyloid.		*Amyloid.
	*Blood (fibrin).		*Blood (fibrin).
	*Collagen.		*Collagen.
	*Smooth muscle.		*Smooth muscle.

			Other considerations:
			*Foreign material (lifting agent "O'rise").<ref name=pmid31934919>{{cite journal \|authors=Pezhouh MK, Burgart LJ, Chiu K, Cohen DA, Hutchings DA, Sanderson SO, Shirazi M, Stanich PP, VandenBussche CJ, Voltaggio L, Willhoit ED, Xue Y, Arnold CA \|title=Characterization of Novel Injectable Lifting Agents Used in Colonic Polyp Removal: An Emerging Amyloid Mimic \|journal=Am J Surg Pathol \|volume=44 \|issue=6 \|pages=793–798 \|date=June 2020 \|pmid=31934919 \|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001435 \|url=}}<ref>

	====Images====		====Images====

Jensflorian: /* General */ new treatment options in TTR amyloidosis

2019-10-21T14:06:26Z

General: new treatment options in TTR amyloidosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 21 October 2019
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	Treatment:		Treatment:
	*~~No effective treatment~~.		*Liver transplantation, RNAi therapy (patisiran) and antisense oligonucleotides (inotersen).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Adams \| first1 = D. \| last2 = Koike \| first2 = H. \| last3 = Slama \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Coelho \| first4 = T. \| title = Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a model of medical progress for a fatal disease. \| journal = Nat Rev Neurol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 387-404 \| month = Jul \| year = 2019 \| doi = 10.1038/s41582-019-0210-4 \| PMID = 31209302 }}</ref>

	===Gross pathology===		===Gross pathology===

Jensflorian: /* General */ Update

2019-10-21T13:58:08Z

General: Update

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 21 October 2019
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	===General===		===General===
	*Previously known as ''senile cardiac amyloidosis''.<ref name=pmid15645642>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Ikeda \| first1 = S. \| title = Cardiac amyloidosis: heterogenous pathogenic backgrounds. \| journal = Intern Med \| volume = 43 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1107-14 \| month = Dec \| year = 2004 \| doi = \| PMID = 15645642 }}</ref>		*Previously known as ''senile cardiac amyloidosis''.<ref name=pmid15645642>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Ikeda \| first1 = S. \| title = Cardiac amyloidosis: heterogenous pathogenic backgrounds. \| journal = Intern Med \| volume = 43 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1107-14 \| month = Dec \| year = 2004 \| doi = \| PMID = 15645642 }}</ref>
	*May be referred to as ''ATTR'' = amyloidosis TTR; in SSA the TTR is not mutated.		*May be referred to as ''ATTR'' = amyloidosis TTR; in SSA the TTR is not mutated, some call it: wt transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR).
	**There is a hereditary form of amyloidosis with mutated TTR deposition known as ''ATTR type FAP'' = ATTR type Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy.		**There is a hereditary form of amyloidosis with mutated TTR deposition known as ''ATTR type FAP'' = ATTR type Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy.
			***Hereditary TTR: deposits in the heart, nerves and leptomeningeal amyloidosis.

	Epidemiology:		Epidemiology:

Michael: /* Mass spectroscopy */

2017-10-19T13:21:42Z

Mass spectroscopy

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 19 October 2017
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	**Considered to be the definitive test.<ref name=pmid11447744/><ref name=pmid17046651>{{cite journal \|author=Murphy CL, Wang S, Williams T, Weiss DT, Solomon A \|title=Characterization of systemic amyloid deposits by mass spectrometry \|journal=Meth. Enzymol. \|volume=412 \|issue= \|pages=48–62 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17046651 \|doi=10.1016/S0076-6879(06)12004-2 \|url=}}</ref>		**Considered to be the definitive test.<ref name=pmid11447744/><ref name=pmid17046651>{{cite journal \|author=Murphy CL, Wang S, Williams T, Weiss DT, Solomon A \|title=Characterization of systemic amyloid deposits by mass spectrometry \|journal=Meth. Enzymol. \|volume=412 \|issue= \|pages=48–62 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17046651 \|doi=10.1016/S0076-6879(06)12004-2 \|url=}}</ref>
	***High specificity and sensitivity vis-à-vis clinicopathologic correlation.<ref name=pmid19797517>{{cite journal \|author=Vrana JA, Gamez JD, Madden BJ, Theis JD, Bergen HR, Dogan A \|title=Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens \|journal=Blood \|volume=114 \|issue=24 \|pages=4957–9 \|year=2009 \|month=December \|pmid=19797517 \|doi=10.1182/blood-2009-07-230722 \|url=}}</ref>		***High specificity and sensitivity vis-à-vis clinicopathologic correlation.<ref name=pmid19797517>{{cite journal \|author=Vrana JA, Gamez JD, Madden BJ, Theis JD, Bergen HR, Dogan A \|title=Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens \|journal=Blood \|volume=114 \|issue=24 \|pages=4957–9 \|year=2009 \|month=December \|pmid=19797517 \|doi=10.1182/blood-2009-07-230722 \|url=}}</ref>
	**May be done on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material.<ref name=pmid19797517/>		**May be done on [[formalin-fixed paraffin embedded]] (FFPE) material.<ref name=pmid19797517/>

	=Types=		=Types=

Michael: /* Stains */

2016-04-23T20:18:19Z

Stains

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 23 April 2016
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	*[[Congo red]] +ve.		*[[Congo red]] +ve.
	**Positive:<ref name=pmid18076735>{{cite journal \|author=Ebert EC, Nagar M \|title=Gastrointestinal manifestations of amyloidosis \|journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. \|volume=103 \|issue=3 \|pages=776-87 \|year=2008 \|month=March \|pmid=18076735 \|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01669.x \|url=}}</ref>		**Positive:<ref name=pmid18076735>{{cite journal \|author=Ebert EC, Nagar M \|title=Gastrointestinal manifestations of amyloidosis \|journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. \|volume=103 \|issue=3 \|pages=776-87 \|year=2008 \|month=March \|pmid=18076735 \|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01669.x \|url=}}</ref>
	***Orange/light red (non-~~polarizaed~~ light).		***Orange/light red (non-polarized light).
	***Apple green birefringence (polarized light).		***Apple green birefringence ([[polarized light]]).
	**Negative:		**Negative:
	***Blue birefringence (polarized light) = collagen fibers.<ref name=pmid21760829/>		***Blue birefringence (polarized light) = collagen fibers.<ref name=pmid21760829/>

Michael at 12:55, 4 October 2015

2015-10-04T12:55:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 4 October 2015
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	'''Amyloid''' is one of those things clinicians can put in many [[differential diagnoses]]. The [[pathologist]] can diagnose it.		'''Amyloid''' is one of those things clinicians can put in many [[differential diagnoses]]. The [[pathologist]] can diagnose it.

	This article is a general overview of the topic. Links are provided to articles that deal with amyloidosis at specific sites, see ''[[Amyloid#Site specific\|specific ~~site~~]]'' section below.		This article is a general overview of the topic. Links are provided to articles that deal with amyloidosis at specific sites, see ''[[Amyloid#Site specific\|site specific]]'' section below.

	=Overview=		=Overview=