View source for Programmed cell death 1

'''Programmed cell death 1''', abbreviated '''PDCD1''' and '''PD1''',<ref name=omim600244>{{OMIM|600244}}</ref> is a protein (and gene) with an important role in  immune system regulation and [[cancer]]. It is found on T lymphocytes.

It is also known as '''CD279'''. 

PD1 binds with [[programmed death-ligand 1]] (dealt with separately) and ''programmed death-ligand 2''.<ref name=pmid22658126/>

==Background==
Cytotoxic T cell function is regulated by receptor pairs found on the tumour and lymphocyte:<ref name=pmid22658126>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ribas | first1 = A. | title = Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 366 | issue = 26 | pages = 2517-9 | month = Jun | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMe1205943 | PMID = 22658126 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Function
! Tumour cell
! T cell
|-
| Antigen presentation
| MHC
| TCR
|-
| Signal inhibition
| PD-1
| [[PD-L1]] (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273)
|}

==Drugs==
*Pembrolizumab.
*Nivolumab.
*Atezolizumab.
*Durvalumab.
*Avelumab.

Uncertain whether it binds PD-L1:
*Pidilizumab.

==IHC==
*There is no standard PD-1 antibody. 
*Currently, each drug company has its own clone. Whether the antibodies are interchangeable is a subject of study.
<center>
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
!Clone		 
!Associated drug
!Testing required
|-
| 28-8
| Nivolumab<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Borghaei | first1 = H. | last2 = Paz-Ares | first2 = L. | last3 = Horn | first3 = L. | last4 = Spigel | first4 = DR. | last5 = Steins | first5 = M. | last6 = Ready | first6 = NE. | last7 = Chow | first7 = LQ. | last8 = Vokes | first8 = EE. | last9 = Felip | first9 = E. | title = Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 373 | issue = 17 | pages = 1627-39 | month = Oct | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 | PMID = 26412456 }}</ref>
| no testing for squamous carcinoma, pending further information for non-squamous
|-
| 22C3
| Pembrolizumab<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Garon | first1 = EB. | last2 = Rizvi | first2 = NA. | last3 = Hui | first3 = R. | last4 = Leighl | first4 = N. | last5 = Balmanoukian | first5 = AS. | last6 = Eder | first6 = JP. | last7 = Patnaik | first7 = A. | last8 = Aggarwal | first8 = C. | last9 = Gubens | first9 = M. | title = Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 372 | issue = 21 | pages = 2018-28 | month = May | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1501824 | PMID = 25891174 }}</ref> 
| testing required
|-
| SP142
| Atezolizumab<ref name=pmid26970723>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Fehrenbacher | first1 = L. | last2 = Spira | first2 = A. | last3 = Ballinger | first3 = M. | last4 = Kowanetz | first4 = M. | last5 = Vansteenkiste | first5 = J. | last6 = Mazieres | first6 = J. | last7 = Park | first7 = K. | last8 = Smith | first8 = D. | last9 = Artal-Cortes | first9 = A. | title = Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. | journal = Lancet | volume = 387 | issue = 10030 | pages = 1837-46 | month = Apr | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0 | PMID = 26970723 }}</ref>
| testing required
|-
| SP263
| Durvalumab
| testing likely required
|}
</center>

==See also==
*[[Programmed death-ligand 1]] (PD-L1).

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Molecular pathology]]